YO U R A L L W E L C O M E C L A S S

CE152P_C12_2Q1
7 18:
SECTION C12
PROFESS O R /INST RU C TO R : ENG. BERNARD
V I L L AV E R D E
V SPECIAL
CONCRETES

GROUP V: SIX MEMBERS

 CE152_C12_2Q1718:
• V SPECIAL CONCRETES
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND
TESTING

H I G H P E R FO R MANC E
C O N C RE TE G RO U P V M E M B E R S :

• Mathew, David O v.
• Lumaban, Cir John P. V.
• Pascual, Kris Erica V. V.
• Paguia, Krizzia Mae P. V.
• Lavadia, Ma. Anne Lyn v.
• Park, Jihwan v.
 ABOUT THE TOPIC SPECIAL
CONCRETES
This topic will help you to understand the mixture
design and engineering properties of special concrete
such as high performance concrete, self-consolidating
concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, sprayed concrete
. etc.
HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
presentation
 HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• What is high performance concrete?.
• Components/Ingredients of HPC.
• Methods for achieving high performance
• Characteristic of HPC.
• Stress-strain behavior
• Advantages.
• Disadvantages.
• Application.
• Case study
• Conclusion
• References.
 INTRODUCTION

• Concrete is the most widely used construction material with annual

consumption exceeding 100 million cubic meters.
• High performance concrete is a concrete in which certain characteristics
are developed for a particular application and environment, in which it will be
placed.
• A high-strenght concrete is always a high performance concrete, but a
high-performance concrete is not always a high-strength concrete
 WHAT IS HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
?
• HPC is a concrete, which meets special performance, and uniformity requirements that cannot
be always achieved by using only the conventional materials and normal mixing, placing, and
curing practices.

• According to Civil Engineering Research Foundation (CERP)

• HPC is a concrete in which some or all of the following properties have been enhanced.
• (a) Ease of placement.
• (b) Long term mechanical properties
• (c) Early age strength
• (d) Toughness
 COMPONENTS/INGREDIENTS
• The main ingredients of HPC are as follows
• 1. Cement
• 2. Fine aggregate
• 3. Coarse aggregate
• 4. Water
• 5. Mineral admixtures ( Fine filler and/or pozzolonic
supplementary cementations materials)
• 6. Chemical Admixtures ( Plasticizers, superplasticizers, retarders,
air-entraining agents)
 METHODS FOR ACHIEVING HIGH PERFORMANCE

• Better durability performance has been achieved by using high-

strength, low w/c ratio concrete.

• Two approaches to achieve durability through different

techniques are as follows.

• 1.Reducing the capillary pore system such that no fluid

movement can occur is the first approach.This is very difficult
to realize and all concrete will have some interconnected pores.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE
CONCRETE.
• Concrete may be regarded as high performance for several
different reasons :
• Very low porosity through a tight and refined pore structure
of the cement paste.
• Very low permeability of the concrete.
• High resistance to chemical attack.
• High early strength and continued strength development
• Low water binder ratio.
• Low bleeding and plastic shrinkage.
 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR
• The shape of the ascending part of the stress-strain curve is more
linear and steeper for high-strength concrete, and the strain at the
maximum stress is slightly for HPC.

• The slope of the descending part becomes steeper for high

performance concrete.

High performance concrete exhibits less internal micro cracking than

lower-strength concrete for given imposed axial strain.
ADVANTAGES
• Speed of Construction
• Economical Material in terms of time and money
• Higher Seismic resistance
• Improved durability
• Abrasion resistance
• High tensile Strength
• Reduced
• Maintenance Cost
 DISADVANTAGES

• An extended quality control

• Cost

• Special constituents

• Manufactured and placed carefully

APPLICATION
• In Pavements

• High performance concrete is being increasingly

used for highway due to the potential economic
benefits.

• Fast track concrete paving (FTCP) technology can

be used for complete pavement reconstruction
APPLICATION

• In Bridge
• • HPC is being extensively used now for the fabrication of
precast pylons, piers, and girders of many long span bridges in the
world for example The Normandie Bridge in France (1993).
•• Concrete structures are preferable for railway bridges to
eliminate noise and vibration probes and minimize the maintenance
cost.
•• Fast track concrete paving (FTCP) technology can be used for
complete pavement reconstruction.
 APPLICATION

• In High-rise Buildings.
The reasons for using the high strength concrete in the area of high-rise building are to reduce
the dead load, the deflection, the vibration and the noise, and the maintenance cost.

• Miscellaneous Applications

Fiber reinforced concrete has been used with and without conventional reinforcement in many
field applications. These include bridge deck overlay, floor slabs pavements and pavement overlays,
refractories hydraulic structures, thin shells, rock slope stabilization, mine tunnel things and many
precast products
MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS

• • Viber reinforced concrete has been used with and without concentional reinforcement
in many field applications. These include bridge deck overlay, floor slabsm pavements and
pavement overlays, refractories hydraulic structures, thin shells, rock slope stabilization, mine
tunnel things and many precast products.
 CASE STUDY
• Joigny Bridge
• Built across river yonne
• Three span bridge
• Height of 2.2m
• Width of 15.8m
• French codes
• Features
• • Concrete strength 91.7MPa And 65.5Mpa
• • Tensile Strength is 5.1MPa
• • First bridge with 60MPa
• • Completed in 1989
LA GRANDE ARCHE PARIS
• Nuclear Reactor France PETRONAS
TOWER
THE GREAT HASSAN II MOSQUE, MOROCCO
 CONCLUSION
• We Are going to expect concrete that is a little more
expensive per cubic meter to buy but
• It will require less skill and effort to place.
• It will look better with no appearance defects.
• It will be more durable.
• It will require more skill at the batching plant.
NEXT
PRESENTER

GOD
BLESS
 SELF-
CONSOLIDATING
CONCRETE
L U M A B A N C I R J O H N P.
 SELF-CONSOLIDATING
• Definition
Self-consolidating concrete, also known as self-compacting
concrete (SCC), is a highly flowable, non-segregating concrete
that spreads into place, fills formwork, and encapsulates even the
most congested reinforcement, all without any mechanical
vibration.

 It is defined as a concrete mix that can be placed purely by

means of its own weight, with little or no vibration. As a high-
performance concrete, SCC delivers these attractive benefits
while maintaining all of concrete's customary mechanical and
durability characteristics.
HOW IS SCC MADE?
• • The high Flowbility of SCC is generally attained by using High-range water reducer (HRWR)
admixtures and not by adding extra mixing water
• • High paste content
• • Viscosity Modifying Admixture (VMA)
• • Smaller aggregate and optimized gradation
TYPICAL SCC MIXTURES
FRESH SCC PROPERTIES

• • Flowability: flows easily at suitable speed into formwork

• • Passing ability: passes through reinforcements without blocking
• • Segregation resistance: the distribution of aggregate particles remains homogeneous in both
vertical and horizontal directions
– Static segregation due to gravity, vertical direction
– Dynamic segregation due to flow, horizontal direction
FLOWABILITY
PASSING ABILITY
PASSING ABILITY
SEGREGATION
SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE USES

• Self-compacting concrete has been used in bridges and even on pre-cast sections. One of the
most remarkable projects built using self-compacting concrete is the Akashi-Kaikyo Suspension
Bridge. In this project, the SCC was mixed on-site and pumped through a piping system to the
specified point, located 200 meters away. The construction time was reduced from 2.5 years to
2 years. This type of concrete is ideal to be used in the following applications:
• Drilled shafts
• Columns
• Earth retaining systems
• Areas with high concentration of rebar and pipes/conduits
AKASHI-KAIKYO SUSPENSION
BRIDGE.
SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE BENEFITS
• Using self-compacting concrete produce several benefits and advantages over regular concrete. Some of those
benefits are:
• Improved constructability.
• Labor reduction.
• Bond to reinforcing steel.
• Improved structural Integrity.
• Accelerates project schedules.
• Reduces skilled labor.
• Flows into complex forms.
• Reduces equipment wear.
• Minimizes voids on highly reinforced areas.
• Produces superior surface finishes.
• Superior strength and durability.
• Allows for easier pumping procedure.
• Fast placement without vibration or mechanical consolidation.
• Lowering noise levels produced by mechanical vibrators.
• Produces a uniform surface.
• Allows for innovative architectural features.
• It is recommended for deep sections or long-span applications.
• Produces a wider variety of placement techniques.
FACTORS AFFECTING SELF COMPACTING
CONCRETE
• Using self-compacting concrete must not be used indiscriminately. These factors can affect the
behavior and performance of self-compacting concrete:
Hot weather.
Long haul distances can reduce flowability of self-compacting concrete.
Delays on job site could affect the concrete mix design performance.
Job site water addition to Self-Compacting Concrete may not always yield the expected
increase in flowability and could cause stability problems.
 FIBER
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
PA S C U A L , K R I S E R I C A V.
FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE

• composite material consisting of mixtures of cement, mortar or concrete and discontinuous,

discrete, uniformly dispersed suitable fibers
• fibers include steel fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers and natural fibers
 USES OF FIBER REINFORCED
CONCRETE
• Shotcrete • Manholes
• On-ground floors • Runway
• Pavements • Dams
• Beams • Walls
• Pliers • Pipes

• Foundations
TYPES OF FIBER REINFORCED
CONCRETE
1. Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
2. Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete
3. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete
4. Asbestos Fibers
5. Carbon Fibers
6. Organic Fibers
STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE
• One of the most common types of fiber reinforced
concrete
• Round steel fibers are the most common type used
and its typical diameter lies in the range of 0.25 to
0.75mm
• Rectangular steel fibers are usually 0.25 mm thick
BENEFITS:

• Increased flexural strength

• Greater resistance to damage
• Less porous
• Abrasion Resistance
• Shrinkage cracks can be eliminated
POLYPROPYLENE FIBER REINFORCED
CONCRETE
• one of the cheapest and abundantly available
polymers
• resistant to most chemical
• can be easily mixed as they do not need lengthy
contact during mixing
• slows the settlement of coarse aggregate and thus
reduces the rate of bleeding
• slower rate of bleeding means a slower rate of
drying and thus less plastic shrinkage cracking.
GLASS FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE

• consists of high-strength, alkali-resistant glass fiber

• primarily used as an exterior façade or cladding material for both new
construction and for recladding or restoration of existing building facades
BENEFITS:

• Highly durable and safe

• Requires very low maintenance
• Weather and fire resistant
• Economical
• Lightweight and flexible
 ASBESTOS FIBERS
• Naturally available inexpensive mineral fiber
• Combined with Portland cement paste to form
asbestos cement
• Thermal mechanical resistance
• Low impact strength due to short length
CARBON FIBERS

• Very high modulus of elasticity and flexural strength

• Expansive
• Strength and stiffness characteristics have been found to be superior even to those of steel
• More vulnerable to damage than glass fiber
• Mostly used for repair purposes of old structural element against shear and flexure failure
BENEFITS OF FI:

• Higher durability
• High tensile strength
• Eco-friendly
• Easy to handle
• High flexibility
• High abrasion resistance
• High fire resistance
ORGANIC FIBERS

• chemically more inert than either steel or glass fibers

• cheaper, especially if natural
• problem of mixing and uniform dispersion may be solved by adding a super
plasticizer
• large volume of vegetable fiber may be used to obtain a multiple cracking
composite
 BENEFITS OF FIBER REINFORCED
CONCRETE:
• Control plastic shrinkage cracking and drying shrinkage cracking
• Lowers the permeability of concrete
• Reduce bleeding of water
• Improve freeze-thaw resistance
• Improve impact– and abrasion–resistance
• Improve durability
• Reduce crack widths and control the crack widths tightly
• Improve structural strength
• Increases the tensile strength of the concrete
LIMITATIONS OF FIBER REINFORCED
CONCRETE:
• Cost of raw material is high
• Higher specific gravity than concrete
• Corrosion of steel fibers
• Reduces workability
 LIGHT WEIGHT
CONCRETE
B Y : K R I Z Z I A M A E P. PA G U I A
WHAT IS LIGHTWEIGHT
CONCRETE?
 Similar to Normal Weight concrete except
that it has lower density
 has a unit weight of 1440 to 1840 kg/m³
compared to normal weight concrete in the
range of 2240 to 2400 kg/m³
 made with lightweight coarse aggregate
WHAT IS LIGHTWEIGHT
CONCRETE?
 Lightweight aggregate may consist of
processed shale, clay, clinker, or other
material. The production includes a burning
process where the material expands and as
a result, it has less density
 Due to this expansion, some lightweight
aggregate may be very absorptive.
CL ASSIFICATIONS
OF LIGHT WEIGHT
CONCRETE
o classified according to the method of production
 LIGHTWEIGHT
AGGREGATE CONCRETE
 By using porous lightweight
aggregate of low apparent specific
gravity, lower than 2.6
 AERATED CONCRETE
 By introducing large voids within the
concrete or mortar mass; these voids
should be clearly distinguished from
the extremely fine voids produced by
air entrainment
 NO-FINES CONCRETE
 By omitting the fine aggregate from
the mix so that a large number of
interstitial voids is present; normal
weight coarse aggregate is generally
used
 T YPES OF
LIGHT WEIGHT
CONCRETE
 LIGHTWEIGHT
AGGREGATE CONCRETE
 high strength, suitable for structural
work
 reduce weight in a structure
 LIGHTWEIGHT
AGGREGATE CONCRETE
 Pumice – used for reinforced concrete
roof slab, mainly for industrial roofs in
Germany
 Foamed Slag – suitable for reinforced
concrete that was produced in large
quantity in the UK.
 LIGHTWEIGHT
AGGREGATE CONCRETE
 Expanded Clays and Shales – capable
of achieving sufficiently high strength
for prestressed concrete.
 Sintered Pulverized – fuel ash
aggregate – is being used for a variety
of structural purposes
 AERATED CONCRETE
 lowest density, thermal conductivity and
strength
 Like timber it can be screwed and nailed
 used where little strength is required (ex.
roof screeds and pipe lagging)
 used as a structural material, usually
high-pressure steam-cured.
 factory-made and available to the user
in precast units only, for floors, walls and
roofs.
 AERATED CONCRETE
 is a lightweight, cellular material
consisting of cement or lime and sand
or other siliceous material
 made by either a physical or a
chemical process which either air or
gas is introduced into a slurry, which
generally contains no coarse material
 NO-FINES CONCRETE
 concrete composed of cement and a
coarse (9-19mm) aggregate only
 used for load bearing, cast in external and
internal wall, non load bearing wall and
under floor filling for solid ground floors
 Although the strength of no-fines concrete
is considerably lower than normal-weight
concrete, this strength is sufficient in
buildings up to about 20 storeys high
CL ASSIFICATIONS
OF LIGHT WEIGHT
CONCRETE
LOW DENSITY CONCRETE
 these are employing chiefly for
insulation purposes
 with low unit weight, heat insulation
value are high
 Compressive strength are low
regarding from about 0.69 to 6.89
N/mm².
 MODERATE DENSITY
CONCRETE
 the use of these concrete requires a
fair degree of compressive strength
 These are sometimes designed as
‘fill’ concrete
 Compressive strength are
approximately 6.89 to 17.24 N/mm²
STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
 concrete with full structural efficiency
contain aggregates
 generally made with expanded
shale, clay, slates, slag, and fly-ash
 Minimum compressive strength is
17.24 N/mm².
STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
 Most structural Lightweight Concrete
are capable of producing concrete
with compressive strength in excess
of 34.47 N/mm²
 Since the unit weight of structural
Lightweight Concrete are
considerably greater than those of
low density concrete, insulation
efficiency is lower.
 USES
OF LIGHT WEIGHT
CONCRETE
USES OF LIGHTWEIGHT
CONCRETE
 Decks of long span bridges
 Fire and corrosion protection
 Covering for architectural purposes
 Heat insulation on roofs
 Insulation of water pipes
 Filling for floor and roof slabs
USES OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE

 Construction of partition walls and

panel walls in frame structures
 Fixing bricks to receive nails from
joinery
 General insulation of walls
 Surface rendered for external walls of
small houses
 It is also being used for reinforced
concrete
ADVANTAGES OF
LIGHT WEIGHT
CONCRETE
 ADVANTAGES
 Reduces the dead load weight in
concrete members
 Easy to handle and reduces the cost of
transportation and handling
 Improves the workability
 Relatively low thermal conductivity
 better insulation against heat and sound
 because of the light weight, very suitable
for earthquake proof structures
POLYMER
MODIFIED
CONCRETE
A N N E L AVA D I A
DEFINITION

• The polymer modified cement concrete is a composite that is obtained

by the incorporation of a polymeric material into the concrete.
 acrylic, SBR, polyvinyl acetate and ethylene vinyl acetate

• The polymers that are incorporated at this stage should in no way interfere
with the hydration process.
• The quantities of polymers required for polymer modified concrete are
relatively small.
MODIFIED POLYMER MATERIALS
S T Y R E N E - BU TA D I E N E - RU B B E R
(SBR)
• widely used mortar in repair and floors
and bridge laminate
• Its minimum thickness is about 30 mm.
• The advantages are good adhesion to
concrete, high flexural strength and low
permeability
AC RY L I C L AT E X
• has a constant color
• considered as an attractive material in the
architecture.
• best water vapor transmission rates
(breathability) of all the polymers.
MODIFIED POLYMER MATERIALS
V I N Y L AC E TAT E E T H Y L E N E
( VA E )
• can be packaged either wet or dry
• the most-used polymer for prepackaged
products
P O LY V I N Y L AC E TAT E ( P VA )
• is the least expensive out of the group
• It's subject to hydrolysis in wet alkaline
environments causing breakdown of the
polymer.
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE THAT CAN
BE IMPROVED
• The extensibility and the tensile strength of the concrete structure
• The impact resistance
• The Abrasion resistance
• The durability and the resistance to the aggressive fluids
• The bond between the old and the new concrete
TYPES OF POLYMER MODIFIED
CONCRETE (PMC)
• Latex-Modified Cement Concrete
• Pre-Polymer Modified Cement Concrete
LATEX-MODIFIED CEMENT CONCRETE

• The lattices are white milk like suspensions that consist of very small sized polymer particles,
which are suspended in water with the help of emulsifiers and stabilizing agents. It contains
about 50% of polymer solid by mass.
• The latex admixtures can be stored in an adequate exposure
• Examples: polyvinylidene chloride, acrylic polymers, polyvinyl acetate and styrene butadiene
copolymer latex.
• A period of one to seven days forms the optimum curing temperature
PREPOLYMERS-MODIFIED CEMENT
CONCRETE
• The polyester -styrene based system, epoxy system and the furan system etc. are used for this.
• The strength improvement of this type of PMC is of the order of 50-100% over the
conventional concrete.
• Its adhesion property is good and has the improved durability properties.
• The tensile strength and the modulus of rupture are more than twice those of the
conventional concrete.
• There is lower water cement ratio and the filling of pores within the pre polymer modified
concrete
APPLICATIONS OF POLYMER
MODIFIED CONCRETE
• The polymer modified concrete can be used in the repair and the rehabilitation of old
damaged concrete.
• The floor construction in frozen – food factories gains great application.
• For floor construction of factories where chances of the splitting of chemicals and oils more
prone to happen.
• For the preparation of steel bridge and ship decks surfaces.
• For the concrete structure that is more subjected to large doses of de-icing salts.
• For the cementing ceramic tiles to concrete.
ADVANTAGES OF POLYMER MODIFIED
CONCRETE
• High performance but low cost.
• Smooth surface finishing
• Excellent durability
• Lightweight
• Rapid curing at ambient temperature
• The whole process is simple.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN POLYMER
CONCRETE AND POLYMER MODIFIED
CONCRETE P O LY M E R M O D I F I E D
P O LY M E R C O N C R E T E CONCRETE
• uses a polymer binder in place of Portland • Portland cement concrete with polymer
cement solutions added to the mix to achieve
• formed through combination of stones certain properties
with a polymer binder material which
contains no water or PC