Kinship, Marriage

and the Household

Kinship

- refers to the web of social relationships from an

essential part of the lives of most human in most
societies.

-social institution that refers to relations formed

between members and society.
Kinship by Blood
 FAMILY

• It is the basic social institution and the primary

group in the society.

• Families vary from culture to culture.

• Burgess and Locke (1963:2) define the family as a group of
persons united by ties of marriage, blood or adoption,
constituting a single household, interacting and communicating
with each other

• Murdock (1949:1) defines the family as a social group

characterized by common residence, economic cooperation, and
reproduction.
DESCENT AND
MARRIAGE
 DESCENT
• It is the origin or background of a person in terms
of family or nationality.
• Cultureworldwide possess a wide range of
systems of tracing kinship and descent.
• A descent group is a social group whose member
have common ancestry.
 MARRIAGE
• It is an important element of the family.
• It is the foundation of the family, an inviolable
social institution.
• It is an institution consisting of a cluster of mores
and folkways, of attitudes, ideas, and ideals of
social definitions and legal restrictions.
 Bowman (1970:72)
People marry for combines reasons:
• Love
• Economic and emotional security
• The parent’s desires
• Escapes from solitude or forlom home situation
• Money
• Companionship
• Protection
• Adventure
• Common interest
 Family code

• definesmarriage as a special contract of permanent

union between a man and a woman entered into in
accordance with the law for the establishment of
conjugal and family life.
 Two aspects of marriage of the
New family code

• As a contract
• As a status.
Kinship by Marriage
 Forms of Marriage

• The form of marriage practiced in a society affects the

structure of the family’s larger kinship group. The
accepted form may be either monogamous or
polygamous.
 MONOGAMY

• Allows or permits a man to take only one spouse at

a time. It has advantage and emotional tensions.
 POLOGAMY

A form of a plural marriage and can assume three forms:

• Polygyny- marriage of one man to two or more women at the same time.
• Polyandry- marriage of a woman to two or more men at the same time.
• Group marriage
SELECTION OF MARRIAGE
PARTNERS
 TWO TYPES OF NORMS REGARDING THE
SELECTION OF MARRIAGE PARTNERS

• ENDOGAMY- refers to the norm which dictates that one

should marry within one’s clan or ethnic group.
• EXOGAMY- prescribe that one can marry outside one’s
clan or ethnic group.
 FAMILY STRUCTURES

• Structure of the family varies from one culture to

another.
Ways of Classifying the forms of the
Family and Kinship Organization
 Based on Internal Organization or
Membership

• Family may be classified as nuclear and extended.

 NUCLEAR FAMILY

• Composed of a husband and wife and their offspring in union

recognized by other member of the society.
• Every normal adult in every society belongs to two kinds of nuclear
families
FAMILY OF ORIENTATION
FAMILY OF PROCREATION
 EXTENDED FAMILY

• Composed of two or more nuclear families, economically

and socially related to each other.
 TWO TYPES OF FAMILY STRUCTURES
CORRESPONDING TO THE NUCELAR AND
EXTENDED FAMILIES

• CONJUGAL FAMILY- made up of the spouses and their underage

children whose ties to relatives are voluntary and based on
emotional bonds.

• CONSANGUINE FAMILY- consists of the nuclear family and their

relatives who are living together under one roof. Blood
relationships formed during childhood are emphasized.
 BASED ON DESCENT

• The rules of descent entail norms which affiliates a

person with a particular groups of kinsfolk for certain
social purpose and services such as mutual assistance
and regulation of marriage.
 Types of families based on descent

• Patrilineal descent
• Matrilineal descent
• Bilateral descent
 BASED ON RESIDENCE

WITH WHOM DOES THE NEWLY MARRIED COUPLE STAY?

• Patrilocal residence
• Matrilocal residence
• Bilocal residence
• Neolocal residence
• Avunculocal residence
 BASED ON AUTHORITY

FAMILIES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO DIFFERENT TYPES BASED ON WHO

WIELDS AUTHORITY:

• Patriarchal Family
• Matriarchal Family
• Egalitarian Family
• Matricentric Family
 FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY

• The family regulates sexual behavior and is unit for reproduction.

• The family performs the function of biological maintenance.
• The family is the chief agency in socializing the child.
• The family gives its members status.
• The family is an important mechanism for social control.
• The family performs economic functions, especially in the simple
societies.