script that is appropriate to the language of the reader. Books for preschool readers often contain non-text elements like images or pictures. The images or picture hep the beginning reader understand the text. Books for beginning readers contain plenty of pictures and use more artistic style to make each page attractive. There are materials intended for older readers that also contain non-text elements since they are necessary to the topic discussed. Non-text items should complement the text information. Non-text items like tables and graphs should have a text description or caption explaining what image or graph is about in relation to the topic. 1. Author. Authors writes stories on a variety of topics. An author usually writes articles or stories that are longer, like novel. Also more associated with scholarly works, such as writing textbook or a general reference material. An author also pertains to a writer whose work has already been published. 2. Writer. A person who is more associated with the writing literary works such as poems and short stories. In a newspaper or magazine, a writer usually writes articles for lifestyle, feature and entertainment sections. 3. Contributor. Also submits articles on topics that are of particular interest. Articles written only run depending on the theme and/or space available. Contributors which means that they are freelance and their work do not appear on a regular basis. 4. Columnist. Someone who writes his opinion, insights and commentaries about political or social issues. The articles of a columnist appear on a regular basis on a particular column in the newspaper or magazine. Although his is free to express his opinion, he is expected to follow the professional code of ethics for journalist. 5. Blogger. A blogger writes personal opinions about issues or topic that interest him. But instead of writing a column for a newspaper or magazine, he share his reflections, experiences, and activities through a blog entry. 6. Data Encoder. A person who in in- charge of encoding the handwritten text into soft copy, such as MS Word document. 7. Layout and graphic artist. The author or writer coordinates with the layout and graphic artist so that the text corrections on his manuscript are correctly implemented. Also they can give instructions to layout and graphic artist on the technical format of the text including artwork and design that is appropriate for and complements to context. 8. Editor. Coordinating with the author or writer, so that all editorial concerns and queries pertaining to the content and format of the manuscript are addressed. Editor’s task is to coordinate also with the layout and graphic artist to make sure that all corrections are implemented for the beginning to the end. 9. Publisher. Responsible for preparing, acquiring, ad managing a publication, the publisher is either the owner of the management. He decides what type of materials will be published, whether boos, magazine or newspaper. 1. Fiction. As it pertains to stories that are imagined or not true, such as fairy tales, mythologies, and legends. Most works of fiction is regarded as forms of literature. This is what makes it creative even though some of the materials used are based on facts. 2. Nonfiction. As it is based on facts and reality. Biographies, news and scientific researches are example of nonfiction works. These are often found in textbooks, encyclopedias, periodicals, and journals. 1. The writer chooses a topic that he would like to write about. 2. The writer gathers information about the topic. 3. The writer makes an outline of the topic and writes the draft. 4. The writer reviews the draft and develops it into a full text. 5. The writer submits the article to the editor/publisher. 1. Comedy or Humor. Its content is light and funny. It can make readers feel good and happy. 2. Tragedy or Drama. Its content make people cry because it involves death, pain and suffering. It entails conflicts which are often difficult to deal with. 3. Suspense and thriller. In this particular theme, the reader is challenged to figure out who is the real villain and protagonist are by analyzing other characters and how each scene is connected to establish a plausible conclusion to solve the mystery behind the cases he encounters. 4. Horror. The content aims to arouse overwhelming fear and leave the reader terrified. The story may involve malevolent creatures or being, evil entities, and paranormal. 5. Romance. The content deals with romantic love. It details the experience, both trials and triumphs of the people or couples who are in a romantic relationship. 6. Science fiction. The content is typically based on the imaginative use of scientific knowledge or scientific discoveries or conjecture. 7. Historical. The content contains elements about historical accounts. It can be about the life of a specific historical figure who was influential during his time. It can also be about a particular event on history that made a huge impact in the world. 8. Autobiography, Biography and Memoir. The autobiography is an account of a person’s life which the author wrote about himself. Biography or memoir is a detailed description of someone’s life written by another. A person’s life story can be a good source of information about historical events according to the experience and perspective of the person. 9. Inspirational or Self-help. The content contains topics, articles or stories that may be based on a true story where the reader can draw inspiration from. It can be about how a person succeeded in life despite of previous setbacks. The content give helpful tips or advice to the readers on how to deal with issues in a positive manner. 10. Religious. The content contains topics about God and spirituality, holy, or religious people, and other related subjects. 1. Accuracy and factuality. The text information should be accurate, based on facts. It should be well researched and the data should be based on valid findings. 2. Objectivity. The text information should not be biased or based on personal, cultural or any religious beliefs. If the material mentions groups or sides, each should be discussed thoroughly and fairly. 3. Language appropriateness. The level and kind of language should be appropriate to its target readers. 4. Curriculum alignment. The content of the textbook should be aligned with the prescribed curriculum and international standards. 5. House style and format. Most books follow the Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) when it comes to al editorial concerns like capitalization, punctuation and citation. For academic papers, they mostly follow American Psychological Association (APA). For news paper the follow a particular house style depending on the news agency they belong to like the Associated Press (AP), Agence France-Presse (AFP) and Reuters. 1. Text information covers wide range of topics. 2. It is easy to access. 3. It should be well-researched and discussed comprehensively. 1. The books has to be updated regularly for accuracy and timeliness 2. Text information can be lengthy and hard or tiresome to read. 3. Finding information can mean browsing over several materials which can be time consuming