Solid Waste

Management for Rural

India

15 July 2016

www.wsp.org | www.worldbank.org/water | www.blogs.worldbank.org/water | @WorldBankWater

 Waste Streams and Emphasis Needed

Key Waste Streams Predominantly Agriculture- Predominantly non-

based Villages/environs agriculture-based village
(Peri-urban/large villages,
Census Towns)
Food waste Low - Moderate High
Animal fecal matter High Low-Moderate
Sweepings (Dust, dry organic Moderate High
matter..)
Dry waste (Paper, Plastic, Low-Moderate High
Glass..)
Greywater (water from kitchen, High High
bath..)
Blackwater (from toilet) into Low-Moderate Moderate-High
open drains
Sources of Solid Waste in a GP

Solid Waste

Household Commercial

Solid Waste
from

1. Institutions
2. Small scale
industries
3. Hotels
4. Markets
5. Slaughter
houses
 Types of Household Solid Waste

Household Solid Waste

Non Street Biomedical &

Food waste Animal waste RecyclablesR recyclables Sweeping Hazardous waste

• Food waste: Kitchen and left over

• Animal waste: Excreta and residual animal feed
• Recyclables: Paper, glass, plastic
• Non-recyclables: Tetra pack, thermocol
• Biomedical waste: Expired medicines
• Hazardous waste: Used batteries, bulbs
 Waste generation in Rural Areas

Waste Stream Per household waste

generation (grams/capita/day)
Food waste 150 - 375
Dry waste (Paper, Plastic, 125 - 350
Glass..)
Animal waste
Buffalo / cow (kg/animal) 5.0 – 7.0
Goat (kg/animal) 0.2
Sweepings (Dust, dry 250 - 750
organic matter..)
Note: Household size of 5 and 2 animals/household
 Waste characteristics in Rural Areas

Parameter
Biodegradable 55 – 75%
Recyclables 20 – 30%

Inerts 5 – 10%
 Household vs Community systems

Household Community

Food wastes – animal feed, Food & animal waste – collection

compost or biogas and processing (compost / biogas)
Animal waste - compost
Low capital cost High capital cost

Low maintenance cost High maintenance cost

Householder responsible for GP responsible for maintenance

maintenance

Low space requirement High space requirement

Criteria for selection of Technology

1. Availability of space near houses & housing pattern

2. Geophysical condition of the village including
topography, soil structure & ground water conditions
3. Quantity and characteristics of the waste streams
4. Availability of common spaces in & around the village
5. Economic status of the GP & human resource
available with the GP
 Technological Options at a Glance

Solid waste

(A) Household managed systems (B) Community managed systems

(B.1) Recyclable waste – storage & sale (B.2) Biodegradable waste

or processing processing systems
How to Select a Technology : Food and animal
waste

Space at HH

Inadequate space

Community managed system

Collection and treatment

Collection – tricycle, pushcart

or motorized vehicle
Treatment – compost or
biogas plants

Recyclables – Segregated at the household,

collected, sold or processed at community level
 Segregation & Door to door collection

1. Households may be given a set of two domestic bins

one time only and motivated to segregate wet and dry
waste at source and Panchayat may arrange door to
door collection of wet and dry waste separately.
Managing recyclables in small villages

1. In small villages where door to

door collection of wet and dry
waste is not considered feasible,
community bins may be provided
at strategic locations in the
village.
2. The community may be motivated
to deposit their dry recyclable
waste into these bins.
3. Panchayat may arrange weekly
collection of recyclable from these
bins and store the same in a shed
and periodically sell the
recyclables to recyclers.
Processing- Bahal Bio Gas Generation Model
Processing-Bohali Vermi Compost Model
Strategy to manage the road side manure pits in
the rural areas

1. Consultation with community leadership

2. Quick survey to list out manure pits on each
street/public space
3. Motivate farmers to re-align these haphazardly
setup dung storage pits to a regularly shaped pit
in a row on the same streets without causing any
inconvenience or hardship to them
4. Re-aligned pits may be fenced on the roadside by
a hedge plants to screen the heaps of animal dung
and other organic waste and improve the
aesthetics of the village.
Re-aligned and Hedged Manure Pits
 Thatched roof for the vermi pit

Earth worms multiply and survive in a moist

environment and under the shade. A simple thatched
roof at a low height need to be provided by the farmers
on their respective vermi pits.
 Street Sweeping

1. Citizens may be motivated to participate in efforts

to keep the village clean
2. The family members may clean the street in front
of their dwelling and deposit the waste so
collected at a place notified by panchayat or in
their animal dung pit.
3. In large villages, the panchayats may provide
limited street cleaning service to clean commercial
streets, the school compound &Surface drains.
 Proposed Intervention – Solid Waste
Management
Waste Stream Proposed Models
Food Waste 1. Continue re-use as feed for animals;
2. Household composting/bio-gas;
3. Community-level systems – composting / biogas
Animal fecal matter 1. Streamline, arrange and make aesthetic the current arrangements
of stacking the waste;
2. Convert to compost through vermiculture at kurdi / community
level;
3. Promote household-level bio-gas systems where space and
finance is available
Sweepings 1. Streamline current household practices with appropriate Behavior
Change Communication;
2. GP-managed systems in areas not covered by households or
where household action is limited
Dry waste 1. Segregate at source through provision of bins;
2. Door to door collection / Transfer to street-level bins and then to
village-level storage centres;
3. Periodic sale to recyclers who will collect and process periodically.
 Indicative Financial Investment Envelope

Size Class of SBM Management Option SWM

GP Allocation Capital
(Rs.) Exp. (Rs.)
Up to 150 7 Lakh Bin at HH; Door to door collection (1 425,000
Households tricycle per 1500 population) /Community
(150 HH) Bin, Storage Shed / community storage
151 – 300 12 Lakh and composting; Dung composting for 30% 620,000
Households HH and Biogas for 10% HH;
(300 HH)
301 – 500 15 Lakh Bin at HH; Door to door collection (1 1033,000
Households tricycle per 1500 population) /Community
(500 HH) Bin, Storage Shed / community storage
and composting; Dung composting for 30%
HH and Biogas for 10% HH;
More than 500 20 Lakh Bin at HH; Door to door collection (1 2067,000
Households tricycle per 1500 population) /Community
(1000 HH) Bin, Storage Shed / community storage
and composting; Dung composting for 30%
HH and Biogas for 10% HH;
In Large villages, the level of urbanisation and livestock population would decide the
portfolio of management options
Biogas plants will be financed by other GoI/State schemes and is not included in this estimate
Institutional Arrangements for LWM

1. SLWM resource team at State level:

2. SLWM resource team at District level:
3. Explore need for qualified persons/group at GP for
O&M and enable GP to make provision
4. Involve SHGs, other community groups, and
private sector / entrepreneurs for SLWM as Village
Level Sanitarian (service provider)
5. Enable basic monitoring/recording systems at GP
level for identified indicators through SBM-G
Thank you

www.wsp.org | www.worldbank.org/water | www.blogs.worldbank.org/water | @WorldBankWater