NOUNS AND ARTICLE

• A. Nouns
• Nouns refer to people, things, places, events,
qualities, and abstract ideas.
• Count noun:
singular nouns – a/an + N
plural nouns – N plus ‘s’ or ‘es’
• Non-count noun: the whole group, abstract ideas,
natural phenomena, fluids / solids / gases, languages
/ studies.
• Remember the following suffixes for nouns.
• -tion
• -ment
• -sion
• -ance
• -ure
• -ness
• -y
• -al
• -ant
• -sis
• Major constituents of a sentence
Subject
Object : after the verb
after the preposition
Complement N
• Noun phrases
• Our employees work very hard. (possessive +
noun as a head)
• We threw a welcoming party for the new
manager. (article + adjective + noun as a
head)
• Personal nouns vs. Non-personal nouns
 ADJECTIVES - ADVERBS
• Adjectives
• Adjectives describe the qualities, features, or
states of people, things, places, etc, That is,
they provide more information about nouns
or pronouns.
Remember the following suffixes for
adjectives.
• Remember the following suffixes for adjectives.
• -able
• -ic
• -ive
• -aus
• -ful
• -ant l-ent
• -al
• -ate
• -y
• -ly
• (1) As a noun modifier - before a noun
• E.g: That is my new red car
Adj N
• (2) As a verb complement - after a linking
verb
• cr. common linking verbs: be (am, is, are, ect),
become, get, appear, seem, look, sound, smell,
taste, feel, remain.
• (3) As an object complement - after a noun
• They make their services reliable.
Object Adj
Adverbs
• Adverbs are used to say when, where, or how
something happens.
• (1) Adjective + -Iy
• cf. noun + - Iy - adjective
• friendly staff, lovely, lonely, silly
• (2) Similar-looking adverbs with different
meanings
• late - lately hard - hardly high - highly near -
nearly
• Manner(cách thức) happily, bitterly
Explain how something happens
• Degree(mức độ) totally, completely
Explain how much ST happens, often go with an adjective
• Frequency (tần suất) never, often
Explain how often ST happens
• Time(thời gian) recently, just
Explain when things happen
• Place(nơi chốn) here, there
Explain where things happen
• Duration (thời lượng) briefly, temporarily, permanently
Explain time between two events
• To modify verbs
They moved overseas.
• To modify adjectives
The annual convention was considerably successful.
• To modify other adverbs
Our marketing division worked exceptionally hard
• To modify prepositional phrases
• To modify adverb clauses
Mr. Lee arrived soon after the meeting was over,
• To modify whole sentences
Fortunately, Jenny got a job right after getting her
diploma
 AGREEMENT
• Subject-verb agreement is a matching relationship between
the subject and verb in a clause with respect to number and
person.
• Singular subjects must go with singular verbs
• Plural subjects must go with plural verbs.
• E.g:
• Mary, along with her manager and some friends,
________going to a party tonight.
• Mr. Robbins, accompanied by her wife and children,
_________arriving tonight.
• Mary and her manager ________ going to a party tonight.
• Mary or her manager _________going to answer the press
interview.
• Some subjects ending in -s are singular in meaning.
Mathematics is my favorite subject. (a field of study)
Sam Electronics is expanding its market to European cities. (a
proper noun)
Fifty minutes isn’t enough time to finish this test (a plural
noun as a whole, time, distance, money, measurement)
• Group nouns (audience, committee, family. government,
team) can be singular or plural.
Our team is going to win the game.
My family are all here. (= My family members are all here.)
• ct. It is always best to choose the singular verb, except
where the idea of "plural" is strongly suggested .
• Subjects followed by modifying phrases
Noun phrase Agreement

• Nouns and their modifiers must agree in

number.
• (1)Singular (one) – a/an, every, each, another
• (2) Abundance - many, several, a variety of,
other, much, most (of), a lot (of)
• (3) Moderate number or amount- a few, a
little, other, some, any
• (4) Lack in number or amount - few, little, less,
no
• (1) A/an, every, each, another, many, several, and (a)
few cannot modify a noncount noun.
• (2) Much, (a) little, and less cannot modify a count
noun.
• (3) Some, most (of), a lot of, any, and no can modify
either a count noun or a noncount noun.
Most _students have just received their test results.
(most + plural count noun)
Most information is posted on the bulletin board. (most
+ non-count noun)
• E.g: ________ for the money management
seminar will be forwarded to all the managers
tomorrow.
• (A) Invite
• (B) lnvitations
• (C) Inviting
• (D) Invitation
• E.g: Because of their size, few of our
plumbing fixtures are ----- -- for indoor use.
• (A) suiting
• (B) suits
• (C) suitable
• (D) suitability
E.g: Please note that payment statements must
be addressed ________to the recipients.
• A. correct
• B. correcting
• C correction
• D correctly
E.g: Many.......... agricultural advisors were
hired to boost the significantly
• declining industry.
• A. professionally
• B. professional
• C. professionalism
• D. profession
E.g: We regularly monitor the quality of
products and services in order to meet strict
________
• A. require
• B. requiring
• C. required
• D. requirements
E.g: It appears to be a ________impossible
plan to charge fees to cars visiting
• the city park on the weekend.
• (A) nearing
• (B) nears
• (C) nearly
• (D) neared