Characteristics of

the Researcher
N AT U R E O F I N Q U I RY A N D R E S E A R C H
 NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESEARCHER

Intellectual Curiosity
A researcher undertakes a deep
thinking and inquiry of the things
and situations around him.
 NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESEARCHER

Prudence
The researcher is careful to
conduct his research study at the
right time and at the right place
wisely, efficiently and
economically.
 NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESEARCHER

Healthy Criticism
The researcher is always
doubtful as to the truthfulness
of the results.
 NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESEARCHER

Intellectual Honesty
An intelligent researcher is honest
to collect or gather data or facts in
order to arrive at honest result.
 NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESEARCHER

Intellectual Creativity
A productive and resourceful
investigator always creates new
researches.
THE PROCESS OF RESEARCH
AND ETHICS IN RESEARCH

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 - WEEK 2

THE PROCESS OF
RESEARCH

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 - WEEK 2

RESEARCH IS SIGNIFICANT IN OUR
EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES.

IT IS THE RESULT OF A THINKING

PROCESS THAT INVOLVES
STUDENTS IN QUESTIONING
TECHNIQUES OR MODELS.
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
• Research employs the scientific method, thus, it follow
the steps in scientific inquiry,
5.
namely:
3. Formin
1. Planning 9.
g all 7.
Definin out the operati Collectin Presenti
g the study to onal g all ng the
proble test the definiti data data
hypothe ons
m sis

10.
2. 4. 6. Drawing
Defining Defining Carrying 8. the
the the out the Interpretin conclusion
hypothes variable study g the data s
is s
11.
Communicat
ing the
results
WHICH OF THE TWO STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC
INQUIRY ARE NOT AN INTEGRAL PART OF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH?

2. 3. Planning
Defining out the
the study to
hypothesi test the
s hypothesis
ETHICS IN RESEARCH

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 - WEEK 2

ETHICS
• is considered to deal with beliefs
about what is right or wrong,
proper or improper, good or bad
• the moral principles that a
person must follow, irrespective
of the place or time
ETHICS
• According to a dictionary definition
(Webster‘s 1968), to be ethical is to
conform to accepted professional practice.

Research ethics focus on the moral

principles that researchers must follow in
their respective fields of research.
FIVE (5) ETHICAL
PRINCIPLES
•OF RESEARCH
Ethical principles stress the
need to:
A.do good (beneficence)
B.do no harm (non-
malfeasance)
FIVE (5) ETHICAL
PRINCIPLES
• In practice, these principles mean that, as a

OFA.RESEARCH
researcher, you need to:
Obtain informed consent from potential
participants;
B. Minimize the risk of harm to participants;
C. Protect their anonymity and confidentiality;
D.Avoid using deceptive practices; and
E. Give participants the right to withdraw from
the research.
FIVE (5) ETHICAL
PRINCIPLES
OFinformed
RESEARCH
1. Obtaining informed consent
consent: participants should
understand that (a) they are taking part in
research, and
(b) what the research requires of them.

* Participants should be volunteers, taking part

without having been coerced and deceived.
FIVE (5) ETHICAL
PRINCIPLES
OFParticipants
RESEARCH
2. Minimizing the risk of harm
should NOT be subjected to the ff.:
1. Physical harm
2. Psychological distress and discomfort
3. Social disadvantage
4. Harm to participant’s financial status
5. Invasion of participant’s privacy and
anonymity.
FIVE (5) ETHICAL
PRINCIPLES
OFParticipants
RESEARCH
3. Protecting anonymity and confidentiality
will only be typically only be willing
to volunteer information, especially information of
a sensitive nature, if the researcher agrees to hold
such information in confidence.

**Insensitive collection methods, as well as

storage, analysis, and publication, and can cause
harm to participants.
FIVE (5) ETHICAL
PRINCIPLES
OFObtaining
RESEARCH
4. Avoiding deceptive practices
informed consent from potential
participants is always a must, to ensure that
deception is avoided.
**But this is not always the case in research.
Covert research employs deception (in justified
cases) where the identity of the observer and/or
the purpose of the research is not known to
participants.
FIVE (5) ETHICAL
PRINCIPLES
OF • RESEARCH
5. Providing the right to withdraw
Participants should always have the right
to withdraw from the research process.
• Participants should have the right to
withdraw at any stage in the research
process.
• They should not be pressured or coerced
in any way to try and stop them from
withdrawing.
 ETHICS IN RESEARCH
• To ensure that ethics is applied in all stages of
research, the following must be strictly
observed:
–Avoid any risk of considerably harming
people, the environment, or property
unnecessarily.
–Do not use deception on people participating.
–Obtain informed consent from all involved in
the study.
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
–Take special precautions when involving
populations or animals which not be
considered to understand fully the purpose
of the study.
–Do not plagiarize the work of others.
–Grant and limit authorship to those who
made a significant contribution to the
research endeavor.
–Ensure that results are accessible to the
public once the research is concluded or as
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
– Do NOT twist conclusions based on funding.
– Do NOT falsify research by ensuring accuracy
of ALL data gathered and/or used in the
research.
– Ensure that only correct data, information,
and research results shall be reported in
journals, conferences, and reports to clients in
case of commissioned research.
ETHICS IN RESEARCH
– Respect the confidentiality and proprietary rights of
peers, colleagues, and students whose material are
reviewed for publication, presentation, or funding
by a grant.
– Respect cultural, individual, and role differences
among research participants and consumers,
including those based on age, sex, gender identity,
sexual orientation, nationality, ethnicity, disability,
language, or socio-economic status.