Machine Design- I

 DEsiGn oF ScrEw & NuT

  SCREW

 Screw is a type of fastener that commonly comprises a head at one end, and
a point at the other.

 screw are typically used to hold materials or objects together, or to position

objects.

 A screw is a mechanism that converts rotational motion to linear motion,

and torque to a linear force.

 A screw thread, often shortened to thread, is a helical structure used to convert

between rotational and linear movement
 screw's threads are defined by two closely related
quantities:

1. The lead is defined as the axial distance (parallel to the

screw's axis) the screw travels in one complete revolution
of the shaft. The lead determines the mechanical advantage
of the screw. the smaller the lead, the higher the
mechanical advantage.

2. The pitch is defined as the axial distance between the

crests of adjacent threads.

 Handedness

1. The helix of a screw's thread can twist in two possible

directions, which is known as handedness.

2. Right-hand and left-hand screw threads

Uses

Because of its self-locking property, the screw is widely used in threaded fasteners to hold objects
or materials together
Screws are also used as linkages in machines to transfer power, in the worm gear, lead screw, ball
screw, and roller screw. Due to their low efficiency
 NUT
A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole.

The most common shape today is hexagonal, for similar reasons

as the bolt head: six sides give a good granularity of angles for a
tool to approach from (good in tight spots)

polygons with more than six sides do not give the requisite grip
and polygons with fewer than six sides take more time to be
given a complete rotation.
Acorn nut (cap nut) Square nut
Wing nut, (butterfly nut)

Flange nut (collar nut) Insert nut

 The desirable properties of Screw and Nut material.

1. It should have sufficient strength to withstand stresses due to external

load and applied torque.

2. It should have possess high wear resistance.

3. It should have good machinability.

4. There should smooth relative motion between them.

 Different stresses induced in a screw body are:

1) Direct compressive stress: This stress is induced due to axial force.

𝑊
σc =
𝜋 𝑑𝑐 2
4

2) Torsional shear stress: This stress is induced due to twisting

moment or torque.

3) Buckling of screw: Buckling failure is checked when axial

load on screw is compressive and the unsupported length of screw
is long.
 Different stresses induced in screw & nut threads are:

1) Bearing pressure: This pressure exists between screw and nut, which have relative motion
between them.

2) Direct shear stress in screw and nut threads: This stress is induced in screw threads at core
diameter and in nut threads at nominal diameter due to axial load acting on the them.

3) Crushing stress on threads