PROFILE of the

AUTHORS
• He also known as Ferdinand
Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr.
• born on September 11, 1917 in
Sarrat, Ilocos Norte
• He attended the Sarrat Central
School, Shamrock Elementary
School in Laoag and the Ermita
Elementary School in Manila
• He studied law at the
University of the Philippines

MIKEE MAE DAVID

• His father was
Mariano R. Marcos
was a lawyer from
Batac, Ilocos Norte
and his mother Josefa
Edralin is a teacher.
• He was the eldest of
four siblings. Dr.
Pacifico, Elizabeth,
and Fortunata
MIKEE MAE DAVID
• On May 1, 1954, Ferdinand
Marcos married to beauty
queen Imelda Romualdez

• Ferdinand and Imelda have

three child, Imee, Ferdinand
Jr., and Irene.

MIKEE MAE DAVID

• During World War II, he served as an officer in the Armed Forces of the
Philippines
• He became Senator after he served as member of the House of
Representatives for three terms, then later as Minority Floor Leader before
gaining the Senate Presidency.
• He is one of the legislators who had established a record for having
introduced a number of significant bills.
• He was elected President of the Philippines in 1965 and was reelected in
1969. On September 21, 1972, Marcos imposed martial law and he stayed in
power until 1986
• He died on September 28, 1989 at Hawii

MIKEE MAE DAVID

• Maria Corazon
Coquanco Aquino

• born on January
.

25,1933 in Paniqui,
Tarlac

• She is the spouse of the

late Benigno Aquino Jr.

ANDREA KATE JACINTO

• Her children are Maria Elena ‘balsy’ Aquino, Aurora ‘Pinky’ Aquino,
Benigno ‘Noynoy’ Aquino,Victoria Elisa ‘viel’ and Kristina
Bernadette “Kris’ Aquino

• She was the sixth child of Jose Coquanco, a former congressman and
Demetria sumulong, a pharmacist.

• She is the first female president of the Philippines who served as

president in the years (1984~1992), restoring democratic rule in the
country after the long dictatorship of F.Marcos.

ANDREA KATE JACINTO

• She graduated college from mount st.vincent college in new york city
in 1954 but she left her studies just to marry benigno simeon aquino,
who was then a promising young politician.

• She suffered in colon cancer and died on August 5 , 2009

• body was buried at the Manila Memorial Park in Paranaque

ANDREA KATE JACINTO

SUMMARY of the
SPEECH
 In his own words: Marcos on Martial Law

• President Marcos invited the liberal party leaders to come to the

palace on sept. 19th to be informed to the negotiation and
agreements between the Maoists and the liberals.
• President received the report of 7400 case of dynamite apprehended
in the Del Pilar bridge by the OOSAC under Major Cruz and
ordered the dynamite impounded notwithstanding the claim of
illegible of it.
• The Air manila plane was bombed at 4:00am by a grenade.

JUSTIN GEORGE GAYBON

Sept.18 1972
• The concon and the sala of judge lustre of quezon city were bombed.
• Ex Sec Piding Montelibano and the sugar industry pledged that he and his family
were behind President Marcos and Imelda even if he proclaimed martial Law.
• The President finalized the proclamation of martial law
• at 6:00pm to 10:00pm with the SND, the Chief of Staff, major service
commanders, J-2, Gen. Paz, 1st Pc Zone Commander, Gen. Diaz and Metrocom,
Co. Montoya, with Gen. Ver in attendance.
• They all agreed on the 21st without postponement and finalized the target
personalities, assignments and the procedures.

JUSTIN GEORGE GAYBON

Sept 19, 1972
• The released report of Sec. Ponce Enrile on Sept. 8, 1972 where he reported
that Sen. Aquino had met with Jose Maria Sison of the communist party and
had talked about a link-up of the liberal and the communist party.
• President Marcos invited Sen. Pres Puyat, Speaker Villareal and explained to
the media which was covering when he invited the leaders of liberal party
and wanted to have a private conference to agree that neither the liberal or
Nacionalista would link up with the communist but their refusal to attend
means that they were on deal to link up with the communist party through
Sen. Aquino.
Sept.20,1972
• General staff with the SND and the Chiefs of major service came to submit
the Assessment of Public Order wherein they recommend the use of other
forms of countering the subversion/insurgency and recommend the use of
Emergency Powers including Martial Law.
JUSTIN GEORGE GAYBON
Sept.21 ,1972
• Delayed by hurried visit of Joe Aspiras and Nating Barbes who came
from the Northen bloc of congressmen and senators who want to know
if there is going to be Martial Law in 48hours as predicted by Ninoy
Aquino but they denied it.
• Johnny Ponce Enrile, Gen. Paz, Gen. Nanadiego, Kits Tatad and
President Marcos with Tagmani doing the typing finished all the
papers at 8:00pm and US Amb. Byroade came to see president Marcos
whether there would be a Martial Law and seemed favour it when
President Marcos explained its intentions to primarily reform the
society and eliminate the communist threat.

JUSTIN GEORGE GAYBON

Sept. 22, 1972
• Sec Juan Ponce Enrile was ambushed about 8:oo pm.

Sept. 23, 1972

• The plan of total 200 target personalities only 52 have been arrested, including the
three senators, Aquino, Diokno and Mitra and Chino Roces and Teddy Locsin.
• At 7:15 PM President Marcos finally appeared on Nationwide TV and Radio
broadcast to announce the proclamation of Martial Law, and the general orders
and instructions.

JUSTIN GEORGE GAYBON

Sept. 24, 1972
• Diokno,Chino Roces,Max Soliven etc.filed petition
• President ammended both Gen. Orders Nos. 1 and 3 t9 assume all
powera of government including legistative and judicial.
• President signed the decree to promulgate the lawon the
reorganization of the government and after a day the presindent sign
new decrees promulgating the new civil service rules.

JUSTIN GEORGE GAYBON

 Corazon Aquino’s speech before the joint session
of the US Congress

The former Philippine President Corazon Aquino, who was devastated about our
country’s situation, delivered a speech before the joint session of the United States Congress
which she historically talked about Ninoy Aquino’s captivation and assassination and the
dictatorship of our former Pres. Ferdinand Marcos. The speech was intended to declare the
freedom of Filipinos under the Marcos’ cruel regime and to mark a new beginning for
Filipinos socially and politically. Moreover, Pres. Corazon Aquino thanked America for
joining our country in building a new home for democracy and preserving freedom.

JEWEL BRITNEY THIAM

 IMPLICATIONS
GATHERED from the
SPEECH
Implications on Marcos diary
notes on Martial Law
September 17, 1972
• Marcos intends to keep a strict surveillance on the Liberal party. Due
to some of the leaders are suspected to be communicating with the
communists. Perhaps conspiring against him.

September 17, 1972

• the incident of the bombing on the Air Manila Plane. Rather a warning
or a threat by the communists to Marcos.
MARIAH FAYE ALMUETE
September 18, 1972
• There were people who infiltrated the government and caused havoc
,this happened because the government also infiltrated the communists
headquarters.

September 19, 1972

• Marcos invited the Nacionalists and Liberal party to agree on the
terms and conditions that neither party should commune with the
Communists, but since they refused, they are considered to be an
enemy
• those who are against Marcos are considered Communists
MARIAH FAYE ALMUETE
September 20, 1972
• Recommendation of using the “Emergency Powers” and that includes
Martial law.

September 21 & 22, 1972

• Increasing Communist threat.

September 23, 1972

• “ The Proclamation”

MARIAH FAYE ALMUETE

September 24, 1972
“Total Reset”
• The country to be governed by a single and absolute power

MARIAH FAYE ALMUETE

 Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the Joint session of
the US Congress

• “FOR THE NATION, NINOY BECAME THE PLEASING

SACRIFICE THAT ANSWERED THEIR PRAYERS FOR
FREEDOM”

• >It implies that Ninoy sacrificed himself for filipino’s to

finally get the freedom that they want
CAESEY HERNANDEZ
• “The dictator already knew that Ninoy was not a body merely
to be imprisoned but a spirit he must break”

• >Because Ninoy holds the power for the freedom of Filipino’s,

this implies that Ninoy shouldn’t just be imprisoned physically
but they should also break his perception and power to have
the freedom he wants

CAESEY HERNANDEZ
• “His death was my country’s resurrection and the
courage and faith by which alone they could be free
again”

• >This implies that when Ninoy Aquino died, somehow

on his death Filipinos began to finally had the courage
to stand up and fight for their freedom again

CAESEY HERNANDEZ
• Corazon’s speech implies how much Ninoy Aquino
had suffered and how much he had to sacrifice before
getting the freedom and democracy that Cory Aquino
had continued afterwards.

CAESEY HERNANDEZ
 WAY of
PERSUASSION
 Diary Notes of President Ferdinand
E. Marcos

• He use his power to convince his audience.

• People believed to him because Marcos was the
superior that time, also they believed that it is for the
common good.
• Marcos using the crisis in manila to believed in him.

RHOWELYNE NUÑEZ
Historical Context.
It has been known by everyone that the Marcos-Aquino families greatly hates
each other. Ninoy Aquino, the husband of Cory and the number one oppositionist of
Ferdinand Marcos was detained in the North. Ninoy’s captivation and assassination on
the latter part much. s drove Cory’s determination to fight against the government
and seek refuge from the Americans.
Aquino lodged an appeal for help. addressing the House, she delivered a historic
speech that managed to sway in our favor the vote for an emergency $200-million
aid appropriation. In the moving speech penned by her speechwriter (and our current
ambassador to the United Nations) Teddy Locsin, Jr., Aquino defended her reconciliatory
stand on the communist insurgency—a sensitive issue in the U.S., given that this was
1986—and asked for financial aid towards rebuilding the Philippine economy.

MARY ANN HILARIO

Corazon Aquino's Speech before the Joint session of the United States
Congress
• Assumed to be written bet. April- September, Philippines
• Speech was delivered September 18, 1986, Washington D.C US
Congress
It was 7 months after the Edsa Revolution (Feb. 25, 1986)
3 years after the assassination of Senator Benigno Aquino (1983)
State of affairs that time
• Philippines is 7 months free from martial law era that lasted 14 years
• Democratic Government
• Economic State of the Philippines (GDP)

MARY ANN HILARIO

Intention of the Speech
• Declare freedom from Marcos Regime
“As I came to power peacefully, so shall I keep it. That is my contract with my people and my commitment
to God. He had willed that the blood drawn with a lash shall not in my country be paid by blood drawn by
the sword but by the tearful joy of reconciliation. We have swept away absolute power by a limited
revolution that respected the life and freedom of every Filipino.”
• Mark new beginning for the Filipinos and to its government
“Wherever I went in the campaign, slum area or impoverished village. They came to me with one cry,
democracy. Not food although they clearly needed it but democracy. Not work, although they surely
wanted it but democracy. Not money, for they gave what little they had to my campaign. They didn’t
expect me to work a miracle that would instantly put food into their mouths, clothes on their back,
education in their children and give them work that will put dignity in their lives. But I feel the pressing
obligation to respond quickly as the leader of the people so deserving of all these things.”
• To appeal for financial assistance by informing the Americans about the Philippines state
“Three years ago I said, Thank you America for the haven from opression and the home you gave Ninoy,
myself and our children and for the three happiest years of our lives together. Today I say, join us America
as we build a new home for democracy; another haven for the opressed so it may stand as a shining
testament of our two nations’ commitment to freedom.”
MARY ANN HILARIO
“Still, we fought for honor, and, if only for honor, we shall pay.”
- She emphasized that the fight that they started was not wasted and it was not a
nonsense one. That the Filipinos put up a good fight against the administration.
“The task had fallen on my shoulders to continue offering the democratic alternative
to our people.”
- She took the responsibilities in taking care and fighting for the sake of freedom of
the whole country.”

PERSPECTIVE:
As a victim of Marcos’ cruel regime
As the faithful wife of Senator Benigno Aquino
As the People’s Champion
As the Mother of Asian Democracy

MARY ANN HILARIO

HOW DO THESE SPEECHES
RAISE AWARENESS ABOUT
HOW THE COUNTRY WAS?
(opinion)
 Diary Notes of President Ferdinand
E. Marcos

Under the Marcos’ regime, people learned that opposing

the government will be a grave threat to that person, and that
by following the dictator, it will lead them with a more stable
and disciplined manner of living.

DANIELLE BAUTISTA
 Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the Joint session of the US
Congress

People have been awoken and learned that they have

greater power than the one seated.

KRISTINA RAMOS
COMPARISON and
CONTRAST
HISTORICAL CONTEXT

MARCOS CORY
>delivered through speech
>personal diary or journal after the martial law
during his presidential term

>narrated his point of view >narrated the story of how

before and during declaring her husband died and how
the Martial Law their family stood

>communist threats took-

over and bombing series >a snap election was held
occur
>EDSA people power
>he explained why he thinks
revolution began to support
Martial Law is needed
Aquino
JADE VILLAR CAMILLE MABABA
PERSUASSION

MARCOS
> he exposed his inner CORY
thoughts and point of view
before and during the >intended to win the hearts
Wants to
declaration of the Martial of the audience
achieve
Law peace and
> provided reasons for order for the >convinced the audience of
people to believe that what nation her good moral character by
he is saying is logical and using emotion and ethics
rational
>use his power to convince
his audience

JADE VILLAR CAMILLE MABABA

SPEECH ANALYSIS

MARCOS CORY
>opposing the Government is >people learned that they
a grave threat for anyone have greater power
>we must follow the
Government (dictator) for >by unity, they can achieve
our own safety their ultimate goal

JADE VILLAR CAMILLE MABABA

 CREDIBILITY

MARCOS’ DIARY AQUINO’S SPEECH

KRISTEIN LEE MANUEL BERNARD BRIAN ORDEN