APPRECIATING WORLD MYTHOLOGY

PHILIPPINES
INTRODUCTION
Philippine mythology or indigenous Philippine ancestral
religion, is a body of myths, tales, and superstitions held
by Filipinos, mostly originating from beliefs held during the
pre-Hispanic era. It was the dominant religion of the people
of the Philippines for more than a millennium before
Spanish colonization. Some of the beliefs in Anitism stem
from pre-Christian religions that were especially influenced
by Hinduism and were regarded by the Spanish as "myths"
and "superstitions" in an effort to de-legitimize legitimate
precolonial beliefs by forcefully replacing those native
beliefs with colonial Christian myths and superstitions.
Philippine mythology is incorporated
from various sources, having
similarities with Indonesian and Malay
myths, as well as Hindu, Muslim,
Shinto, Buddhist, and Christian
traditions, such as the notion of
heaven, and the human soul.
Philippine mythologies and
indigenous religions have historically
been referred as Anitism, meaning
"ancestral religion".
 Facts about their gods
• Bathala : Sometimes referred as Abba, he is the supreme god of being; creator
of man and earth and addressed sometimes as Bathalang Maykapal. He dwells
in Kaluwalhatian together with the lesser gods and goddesses.
• Idiyanale : Also known as Idianale or Idianali, she is the goddess of labor and
good deeds.
• Dimangan : Also known as Dumangan, he is the sky god of good harvest.
• Anitun Tabu : The fickle-minded goddess of wind and rain. Every time it rains
lightly (ambon), it is said that the happy Anitun Tabu is nearby.
• Dumakulem : The strong, agile guardian of mountains and the son of Idiyanale
and Dimangan. He also known as a sky god.
• Ikapati : Ikapati was the goddess of cultivated land and is believed to be
another form of Lakapati. She was the most understanding and kind among the
deities, along with Bathala, Lakapati, and Mapulon. Her gift to man was
agriculture, thus she is also associated as an agriculture deity.
• Mapulon : The god of seasons. He is also sometimes associated as a deity of
good health and medicine.
• Amanikable : Originally worshiped as the god of hunters who provided good
game to his followers.
• Lakapati : Lakapati is identified as the most important fertility deity in the
Tagalog pantheon, and is highly regarded as the pantheon's most important
feminine figure.
• Tala : The goddess of the stars; sister of Mayari and Hanan and one of the three
daughters of Bathala by a mortal woman. People looked up to her for direction
during nighttime.
 Myths on the founding of Philippine
mythology
Each ethnic group in the Philippines has their own creation
myth, making the myths on creation in the Philippines
extremely diverse. In some cases, a single ethnic group has
multiple versions of their creation myth, depending on locality
and sub-culture from a larger 'mother' culture. Like Asian
cultures, some ethnic groups' creation myths have flood
motifs, such as the Ifugao people's creation myth, and/or egg
motifs, such as the Mandaya people's creation myth. Other
creation myths have similar stories, differing only in the names
of deities and small details such as the creation myths of
the Bicolano people and the Visayan peoples.
In some creation myths, the land of the dead is much
emphasized with love and affection like the creation myth of
the Teduray people. In others, planets and other heavenly
abodes were mentioned as home of the deities, such as the
creation myth of the Kapampangan people. There are also
creation myths which involved wars between royal divinities
such as the creation myths of the Mangyan peoples and
the Aeta peoples. The culture of trinity of deities is also present
in some such as the creation myths of the Tagalog people
and Bukidnon peoples. Additionally, giants and not deities
were also depicted as creators in some myths such as the
creation myths of the Ilocano people, B'laan people,
and Manuvu people.
Gods and goddesses of philipine
mythology

Bathala Idianale Dumangan Anitun Tabu

Dumakulem
Ikapati/Lakapati
Mapulon
Tungkung Langit Alunsina Maria Makiling
How they worship their gods
Because of the limitations of language and of personal
religious biases, Spanish chroniclers often recorded different
interpretations of Tagalog words relating to worship. The
word "anito" is one of these words which had differing
interpreters. Scott notes that missionaries eventually
reinterpreted the word to mean "all idols", including the
middle eastern gods mentioned in the bible, whenever they
were included in their homilies. As a result, in modern times,
the word "anito" has come to mean the various figurines or
"idols" which represent Filipino deities. However, the Tagalog
words for such representations was "larauan".
Mariang Makiling
VOCABULARY SPINNER
 Meaning: Sentence:
She is beautiful,
:having kindhearted and
qualities of loving.
beauty

Beautiful
(adjective)
Antonyms: Synonyms:

grotesque aesthetic
 WORD GAME
BEAUTIFUL
B – beat, bet, bat, bite
E – eat
A – ate, ale
U – ult
T – tea, tale, tab, teal
I – ile
F – file, feat
L – lit, lite, lab
 Meaning: Sentence:

:to avenge A man who took

(oneself or matters into his own
another) usually hands and revenged
by retaliating in the death of his
kind or degree brother.
Revenge
(verb)
Antonyms: Synonyms:

disappearance redress
 WORD GAME
REVENGE
R – rev
E – eve, even
V – venge
N – nee
G – green, gene
 Meaning: Sentence:

:the quality or She never showed

state of being herself again to those
kind mortals who abused
her kindness.

Kindness
(noun)
Antonyms: Synonyms:

coldheartedness benevolence
 WORD GAME
KINDNESS
K – kind, kin
I – ink
N – nine
D – dine
E – end
S – side, send, sike
 Meaning: Sentence:

:to see, find, or She discovered that

become aware that hunter already
of (something) for have a mortal as his
the first time wife.

Discovered
(verb)
Antonyms: Synonyms:

overlook ascertain
 WORD GAME
DISCOVERED
D – dice, deed, dive, dire, deer, dove
I – ire, ice
S – side, sire, score
C – cored, cove
O – over
V – vice
E – ever, eve
R – rode, ride, reed
 Meaning: Sentence:
:decorative
objects (such as She had a long shiny
rings, necklaces, black hair and she
and earring) that often wear black
people wear on pearls and gold
their body jewelry.
Jewelry
(noun)
Antonyms: Synonyms:

open chain adomment

 WORD GAME
JEWELRY
J – jewel
E – eel
W – were
L – ley
R – reel
Y–
 CHARACTERS:
Maria Makiling - the main character
and protagonist of the story. She
was a beautiful and helpful diwata
who lived in a mountain of Laguna.
She was always wooed by many
suitors.
Juan - a hard working farmer and
the one who Maria secretly likes.
EVENT:
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
While they were there, they
ransacked the place, stealing her
gems and killing many animals in
the process. This, of course,
angered her, which caused her to
distrust people from then on. She
saw this violation as an affront to
everything she held dear and, EVENT:
soon after she placed a curse upon
She is known to everyone as
those who would disrespect the
Maria Makiling. She was a very
forest again.
caring and loving individual, and
regularly helped people by giving
fruits to the poor. It is said that
these fruits turned into gold once
they were taken home, thereby SETTING:
helping the people financially. The legend of Maria
One day some hunters went up Makiling were part of the
the forest and accidentally found Philippine culture just like
Maria’s home. any other legends in the
Philippines. These legends in
the Philippines gives values
and moral lessons to the
readers. The story took
place in the Mount Makiling
where Maria, the goddess,
fell in love with a mortal
hunter
 PLOT DIAGRAM
Climax

Exposition Resolution
 EXPOSITION
Long ago, in Mount Makiling, there lived a beautiful
goddess name Mariang Makiling. She is beautiful,
kindhearted and loving. She had a long shiny black hair
and she often wear black pearls and gold jewelry. She
often shows off herself to people living at the foot of the
mountain as a human. Many times, people would climb
up to the mountain and pick some fruits but when they
came down, fruits changed into gold. People thanked
her for it.
 RISING ACTION
But one day, some people robbed her jewelry. Some
hunters climb up the mountain and hunted for wild
animals, cut down trees and left the forest at the top of
the mountain denuded.
 CLIMAX
At that time, one of those hunters is a mortal which Mariang
Makiling fell in love with. She discovered that that hunter
already have a mortal as his wife. After those things
happened, Mariang Makiling was very angry that it thundered
and rained hard that night and her voice was heard by all
people leaving at the foot of the mountain saying "I have
provided you food, treasures and shelter but it wasn't enough
for you! I have given you everything you want but still you
aren't contented.
 CLIMAX
I loved you more than myself but still you searched for
mortal love. Now, feel my anger! And wait for my
revenge! From now on, you shall stand on your own
feet and you will never see me again. I swear!" And she
laughed so hard that it brought an earthquake.
 FALLING ACTION
After her large voice was heard, she never showed
herself again to those mortals who abused her
kindness.
 RESOLUTION
Today, it is still believed that Mariang Makiling is
still living there.
 TRUTH IN LIFE REPRESENTED IN THE MYTH

We must not force things to happen, because there is a big possibility

of a bad result like what happened in the story. And also we have to
be concerned at our self and not abuse it by giving everything we
have to others.
QUESTIONS
1. WHERE DO MARIANG MAKILING LIVED?

2. WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MARIANG MAKILING?

3. WHAT IS THE MORAL LESSON IN THE STORY OF MARIANG MAKILING?

ANSWERS
1. Maria Makiling lived in Mount Makiling
2. She is beautiful, kindhearted and loving. She had a long shiny black
hair and she often wear black pearls and gold jewelry.
3. The lesson from the story of Maria Makiling that we can learn is that
we must not force things to happen. Because there is a big possibility
of a bad result like what happened in the story. And also we have to be
concerned at ourself and not abuse it by giving everything we have to
others.
 Acknowledgement
First of all I would like thank to our Almighty Father for guiding
me while doing my project. Second, my deepest gratitude to my
family as they never fail to support me, and especially to my best
friend Justine Dawn for joining with me and also helped me to finish
this project. And of course, to our English teacher Mrs. Beatriz
Espinosa who gave us some opportunity to do this kind of project ,
which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and I came to know
about so many new things.
 Source
http://myths.e2bn.org/mythsandlegends/userstory20017-mariang-
makiling.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_mythology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deities_of_Philippine_mythology

https://filipiknow.net/philippine-mythology-gods-and-goddesses/
 BIODATA

Name: Aveclaire E. Dela Cruz

Age: 15
Birth Date: July 25, 2003
Address: Prk. 5 Barangay Polonuling Tupi, South Cotabato
Gender: Female
Nickname: Abby
Motto: “Laughter is timeless, imagination has no age, dreams are forever.”