Psychological

Basis of
Education
Mary Grace E. Laurio
Jamaica S. Salamanca
What is Psychology?
Psychology is the scientific study of mental functions
and behavior including;
• Perception
• Cognition
• Behavior
• Emotion
• Personality
• Intrapersonal Relationship
The major theories of learning have been
classifieds into three groups:
BEHAVIORIST THEORIES
Focuses on stimulus response and reinforces;

Studies conditioning, modifying, or shaping

behavior through reinforcement and
rewards.
Key Players
1. Edward Thorndike- Connectionism
-Define learning is a result of
association or “habits” forming between
stimuli and responses.
Three Laws of Learning
-Law of Readiness
-Law of Exercise
-Law of Effect
Key Players
2. Ivan Pavlov (and James Watson) - Classical
Conditioning
-He is best known for his experiment with
salivating dogs.
-Dogs were trained to salivate at the sound of a
bell.
Watson
-Emphasized that learning was observable or
measurable not cognitive.
-Nurture vs. Nature
Key Player
3.B. F. Skinner- Operant Conditioning
-The idea that behavior is determined or
influenced by its consequence.

Types of Reinforcers
>Primary
>Secondary
Key Players
4. Albert Bandura- Observable learning and
modeling
-Bandura contributed to the
understanding of learning through observation
and modelling.
- Aggressive behavior
- Passive behavior
Key Players
5. Robert Gagne- Hierarchy of Learning
 COGNITIVE THEORIES
 Focuses information processing in
relation to the total environment;

 Studies developmental stages,

understanding, multiple forms of
intelligence, problem solving, critical
thinking, and creativity.
Key Players
1. Jean Piaget – Piaget Cognitive Development
Stages
Key Players
2. Lev Vygotsky– Zone of Proximal Development
- Distance between a students
performance with help and performance.
- modeling and guided learning
 PHENOMENOLOGICAL AND
HUMANISTIC THEORIES
 Focuses on the whole child, their
social, psychological, and cognitive
development;

 Studies focus on human needs,

attitudes, feelings and self awareness.
 CONSTRUCTIVISM
Some include this as a separate theory,
other include it inside of cognitive theories.
Individual must construct own knowledge-
make meaning.
Metacognition- refers to one’s awareness of
and ability to regulate one’s own thinking.
 REFERENCES

https://www.slideshare.net/ImranKakar2/classical-conditioning-and-operant-conditioning

https://www.slideshare.net/ZyldianGraceSilva/psychological-foundation-of-education-part-
1?fbclid=IwAR08zNfJV0K1fwKOFAY1lRFJszE4Ub_TtpwapBNNqRVOc9_m_CgULNEkDy4

http://www.innovativelearning.com/educational_psychology/development/zone-of-proximal-
development.html#:~:targetText=The%20zone%20of%20proximal%20development,Vygotsky%20(1896%2
0%2D%201934).