Test of hypothesis

ACTIVITY 1

Suppose your school principal wants to know how the

students go to school so that the matter will be brought to
attention of local parent-teacher association for action
and to the community officials for policy formulation. How
will he decide?
This activity will provide information describing the
transportation modes in going to school. What
seems to be most favored mode of transportation?

Mode of transport Frequency

Bus 17
Car 26
Bicycle/ 45
Tricycle

Jeepney/ others specify 12

HYPOTHESIS TESTING
HYPOTHESIS TESTING

is another area of inferential statistics. It is a decision

making process for evaluating claims about a population
based on the characteristics of a sample purportedly
coming from the population. The decision is whether the
characteristics is acceptable or not.
Two types of hypotheses

Null Hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis
Null Hypothesis

denoted by Ho, is statement that there is no

difference between a parameter and a specific
value, or that there is no difference between two
parameters.
Alternative Hypothesis

denoted by Ha, is a statement that there is a

difference between a parameter and specific
value, or that there is a difference between two
parameters.
Suppose the two parameters of interest are denoted
by µ1 and µ2. If there is no difference between two
values, the relationship is written in symbol as:
µ1 - µ2=0
null hypothesis is written in symbol as:
Ho: µ1=µ2
Alternative hypothesis is written in
symbol:
Ha: µ1 ≠, < or >µ2
Towards, the end of a hypothesis testing exercise, based
on the evaluation of the data at hand, a decision is
made about null hypothesis: should the null hypothesis, Ho
be rejected or not rejected (accepted)?
When the alternative hypothesis utilizes
the symbol ≠, the test is said to be non-
directional.
When the alternative hypothesis utilizes
< or > symbol, the test is said to be
directional.
EXAMPLE:

State the null and alternative hypotheses in words and in symbols.

State whether the test is directional or non-directional.

A teacher wants to know if the listening to popular music

affects the performance of pupils. A class of 50 grade 1
pupils was used in the experiment. The mean score was 83
and the standard deviation is 5. A previous study revealed
that µ=82 standard deviation is 10.
 SOLUTION:

 The parameter of interest is the population mean is 82.

In words, the hypotheses are
Ho: The sample comes from a population whose mean is 82; or
Ha: the sample comes from a population whose mean is equal to the population mean 82

H1:the sample does not come from a population whose mean is 82.
Ho: µ=82 and Ha: µ≠ 82

 There is no clue as to direction of the investigation. the phrase affects performance

implies either an increase or a decrease in performance. So, the test is directional.
Try this:

A farmer believes that using organic fertilizers on

his plant will yield greater income. His average
income from the past was 200, 000 per year. State
the hypothesis in symbols
Try this:

In a graduate college, the average length of

registration time during a semester is 120 minutes
with standard deviation of 25 minutes. With the
introduction of new registration procedure., a
random sample of 50 students system took an
average of 80 minutes with standard deviation of
12 minutes. State the hypothesis in symbols.
Evaluation:
State the null and alternative hypotheses in words and in
symbols.State whether the test is directional or non-
directional.

 The net weight of a packet of a snack brand is 130 g. A sample of 80 packets yielded a
sample mean weight of 1112g with a standard deviation of 15 g.
 The average height of grade 8 female students is 158.2 cm. the mean height of a sample
of 100 female students is 160 cm with standard deviation of 6 cm.
 Assignment:
Advance reading on sketches of directional non-
directional tests