1) Electricity is used as a major power source to drive machinery, provide lighting, heating, and cooling. Knowledge of electricity is essential for the safe use of electrical equipment.
2) There are different types of cables used for electrical wiring like non-metallic sheathed cable, armored cable, and conduit, which provide protection. Wire size is designated by gauge and type, with larger gauges indicating larger wire.
3) Branch circuits branch out from the service entrance panel, which receives electricity from the utility. Circuits are protected by fuses or circuit breakers and powered by different wire types suited to the location.
1) Electricity is used as a major power source to drive machinery, provide lighting, heating, and cooling. Knowledge of electricity is essential for the safe use of electrical equipment.
2) There are different types of cables used for electrical wiring like non-metallic sheathed cable, armored cable, and conduit, which provide protection. Wire size is designated by gauge and type, with larger gauges indicating larger wire.
3) Branch circuits branch out from the service entrance panel, which receives electricity from the utility. Circuits are protected by fuses or circuit breakers and powered by different wire types suited to the location.
1) Electricity is used as a major power source to drive machinery, provide lighting, heating, and cooling. Knowledge of electricity is essential for the safe use of electrical equipment.
2) There are different types of cables used for electrical wiring like non-metallic sheathed cable, armored cable, and conduit, which provide protection. Wire size is designated by gauge and type, with larger gauges indicating larger wire.
3) Branch circuits branch out from the service entrance panel, which receives electricity from the utility. Circuits are protected by fuses or circuit breakers and powered by different wire types suited to the location.
stationary equipment Uses: Driving Machinery Lighting Heating Cooling Knowledge of electricity is essential for safe use of electrical equipment Electricity- a form of energy that can produce light, heat magnetism and chemical changes Light- produced by heating a special metal element or filament in a vacuum tube called a “bulb”. Electricity flows through certain gases causing them to glow Insulator- provides great resistance to the flow of electricity Materials: rubber-glass-vinyl-air Amperes- measure of the rate of flow of electricity in a conductor Volts- measure of electrical pressure Watts- measure of the amount of energy that can be completed by amps and volts Formulas: Watts=volts x amps Volts=watts x amps Amps=watts x volts Fluorescent lamp- glows as a result of electricity flowing through a gas Heat- is produced when electricity flows through metals with some difficulty Resistance- tendency of a material to prevent electricity to flow Conductor- metal permits electricity to flow easily Materials: silver-aluminum-copper • used in outdoors • used in wiring for homes • heat develops in implements
Ohm’s Law: used to measure a material’s
resistance to the flow of electrical current E=volts I=amps R=resistance Magnetism- force that attracts or repels iron or steel - permanent magnet - when iron or steel holds its magnetism 2 ends or poles - north - south Opposites attract/likes repel
Magnetic Flux- lines of magnetic force
Magnetic field- force between 2 objects Electric Motors- principle of magnetism is the basis upon which electric motors operate Reverses the Polarity: reversing the direction of current flow Electromagnet- unit is called Commutator- reveres the current flow in an electric motor Armature- rotating magnet magnetic forces around the armature are called the “field” Generators & Alternators- produce electricity Generator- produces current (direct) - flows one way Alternator- produces current (alternating) Turbine- high speed rotary engine driven by water-steam-gas Circuits- circle of electricity - open circuit- broken - closed circuit- together Short Circuit- flow through the circle & back to the source to rapidly Grounding- connection between a piece of equipment & the earth - ground rod- steel or copper - ground wire- bare * channels stray electricity Electricity Safety: 2 deadly hazards with current - shock - fire Shock- body’s reaction to a current GFCI- Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter -cuts off electricity if it leaves the pathway Electrical Wiring: Systems have to be: -safe -convenient -neat -expandable -provide sufficient current
Service Entrance: Power company provides
-transformer -service drop -appropriate wiring Entrance Head- waterproof device used to attach exterior wires to interior wires Transformer- converts high voltage to 240 volts-usable form for homes - step up - step down Service Drop- assembly of electrical wires- connectors & fasteners used to transmit electricity from the transformer to the entrance head Service Entrance Panel- box with fuses or breakers where electricity enters a building Meter- measurement of electricity in kilowatt hours-Kilo means 1, 000 Watt Hour- use of 1 watt for 1 hour Kilowatt Hour- use of 1, 000 watts for 1 hour Reading a Meter: the last number passed by each pointer is read 1st & 3rd dials turn counterclockwise 2nd & 4th dials turn clockwise
Branch Circuits- branch out to a variety of
places for many purposes Fuse: plug or cartridge containing a strip of metal that melts when more than a specified amount of current passes through Circuit Breaker: switch that trips & breaks the circuit when more than specified amounts pass through it - reset breaker after it trips Types of Cables: 3 systems of wiring: -Non-metallic sheathed -Armored cable -Conduit Non-metallic Sheathed Cable: -copper/aluminum -waterproof -approved for burial Armored Cable: -flexible metal sheath -mechanical damage protection Conduit: Tubing consists of individual insulated wires EMT-electrical metallic tube Conduit can be: -rigid -bendable -provide the most protection Wire Type & Size: Copper Aluminum Wire size designated by gauge: lower the gauge larger the wire Strands- small wires placed together are called “bundles” - improves conductivity & flexibility - electricity carried on outside of wire Voltage Drop- refers to a loss of voltage as the electricity travels along a wire -larger the wire, less voltage drop -longer the wire, more voltage drop Wire ID: factors to determine wire -outer covering -number of wires -individual wire covering -cable construction Wire type is stamped on outside
Type T- dry locations
Type TW- dry or wet locations Type THHN- dry locations, high temperatures Type THW & THWN- wet locations, high temperatures Type XHAW- high moisture & heat resistance Type UF- buried in soil (not concrete) NEC- National Electric Code Hot Wires- colors (positive) -black -red -blue Neutral Wires- color -white Ground Wire- colors -green -bare Typical markings: 12-1, 12-2, 12-3 with ground INSTALLING BRANCH CIRCUITS NEC- controls restrictions on wiring Wiring Boxes: -metal -plastic -hold work in place -nail or screw to framing -contains all electrical connections -square/octagonal/rectangular Wire Nuts- insulated, solder-less connectors Receptacle- device used for receiving electrical plugs Switch- device used to stop the flow of electricity Duplex Receptacle- both outlets are on same circuit Single-Pole Switch- designed to be the only switch in the circuit Knock Out- partially punched impression Ground Clip- attaches ground wire to a box Testing a Circuit: Continuity Tester- device used to determine if electricity can flow between 2 points Continuity- connected-ness 3 way switch- permits a light/receptacle to be controlled from 2 locations