HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT OF A COUNTER FLOW

HEAT EXCHANGER BY INTRODUCING SWIRL

Nandit Nair- 15BEM0141
Manish Vankudre-15BME0134
B. Tech. Mechanical Engineering

First Review Presentation

School
School of
of Mechanical
Mechanical Engineering
Engineering

Prof.
Prof. Padmanathan
Padmanathan PP
Project Date
Date of
of Presentation-22/01/2019
Presentation-22/01/2019
Project Guide
Guide
CONTENTS

Introduction
Literature Review
 Knowledge gained
 Gaps identified in the Research Area
Objective & Scope
Methodology
Experimental Details
References

2
Introduction

• In today’s world where conserving energy is of utmost important, increasing the

efficiency of heat exchangers plays a vital role as heat exchangers are used in various
disciplines which includes process industries, heating and cooling in evaporators,
thermal power plants, air conditioning equipment, refrigerator, radiators for space
vehicles and automobiles. The basic role of heat exchanger is to transfer heat between
two fluids.
• Methods for heat transfer enhancement: Passive method, Active method and compound
method.
• Passive methods include the insertion of a part or substance to the heat exchanger
geometry and fluid flow.
• Active methods include addition of input energy. Examples- vibration of the surface.
• Compound techniques use the combination of both active and passive technique.

3
Literature Review
Title of the paper Journal & Year Authors Significant Outcomes
Enhancement of heat Solar energy, 78(4), Eiamsa-ard, S. and • Tube fitted with helical inserts gave
more heat transfer than plain tube.
transfer in a tube with pp.483-494.(2005) Promvonge, P
• Mean Nusselt Number increased about
regularly-spaced helical 165% for full length helical insert with
tape swirl generators. rod.
• Full length tape with rod gave 10%
more heat transfer than tape without rod
but also increased the pressure drop.
• Free spacing tapes produced 15% less
Nusselt number but also reduced
pressure drop by 63%
Heat transfer enhancement Case studies in Tamna, S., • Twisted Tap with a V-cut.
thermal • Nusselt Number found to be 1.56-1.23
in tubular heat exchanger Kaewkohkiat, Y.,
times the plain tube.
with double V-ribbed engineering, 7, Skullong, S. and • Friction factor 2.06-4.94 times plain
pp.14-24.
twisted-tapes. Promvonge, P. tube.
(2016) • Blockage ratio of 0.19% gave
maximum Nusselt Number.
• Blockage ratio of 0.09% gave
maximum heat transfer enhancement

4
Literature Review
Title of the paper Journal & Year Authors Significant Outcomes
Heat Transfer Enhancement International Journal of S. Nallusamy and N. • Heat transfer enhanced for
Nanoscience Vol. 16, No. Manikanda Prabu nanofluid case for each heat
Analysis of Al2O3-Water
3 (2017) exchanger and different Reynold’s
Nano Fluid Through Parallel number
and Counter Flow in Shell • Heat transfer coefficient increased
and Tube Heat Exchangers with increase in flow rate of
nanofluids.
• Increase in heat transfer was more
for shell and tube type heat
exchanger than cross flow and
parallel flow type.
Heat Transfer behaviour in a International Journal Mr. Kumbhar D.G., • Conical wire inserts used along-
with normal wire inserts.
tube with conical wire coil of Engineering & Dr. Sane N.K
• Wire inserts with pitch 6,9,12 mm
inserts Technology Research, used. Conical wire inserts with
IJETR, 1(2), pp.001- pitch 2.5,3.5 mm used.
019. • Nusselt number increased by 5%-
12%.
• Heat Transfer enhancement
efficiency varies between 0.78 to
0.98

5
Literature Review
Title of the paper Journal & Year Authors Significant Outcomes Critical Remarks
Comparison of several Journal of heat Andrews, M. • Twisted tape inserts, tangential • The high heat transfer
heat transfer transfer, 118(4), J., & injectors, wire coil inserts were enhancement of twisted tape
found to have maximum heat inserts, tangential injectors
enhancement 897-902. (1996) Fletcher, L.
transfer enhancement. and wire coil inserts was seen
technologies for gas S.
• Fluidised bed enhancement was because of the induced swirl
heat exchangers. only good for high temperature flow which initiates the
data and didn’t show much effect buoyancy driven mixing and
for scaled values. there was no effect on pressure
• For internally finned tubes it was drop which implied that
found that the enhancement was pumping power is almost same
not good for high Reynold’s as the smooth tube.
number.

Turbulent heat Experimental Eiamsa- • Use of counter –twisted tapes(CT) Only paper which used the
and co-twisted tapes(CoT). concept of co-swirl and counter
transfer Thermal and Ard, S.,
• Heat transfer of CT 12.5-44.5% swirl flow. Other papers have
enhancement by Fluid Thianpong, higher than CoT. only discussed about swirling
counter/co-swirling Science, 34(1), C. • Friction factor of CTs grater than flow.
flow in a tube fitted pp.53-62.(2010) CoTs.
• Increase in twist ratio decreases
with twin twisted friction factor for all cases.
tapes • Heat transfer enhancement found to
be in the range of 1.39-1.03 for CTs
and 1.1-0.92 for CoTs

6
Knowledge Gained from the Literature

• The Nusselt Number increases with the increase in Reynolds Number.

• It can be seen that with increase in Reynolds Number, friction factor increases.
• With the increase in twist ratio for twisted tape inserts the Nusselt Number decreases as the
swirling intensity is decreased, reducing the mixing efficiency of fluids and reducing heat
transfer capability.
• Use of spaces in between twist tapes reduced the heat transfer enhancement by 15% when
compared to full length inserts, but reduced the pressure drop by 63%.
• With increase the spatial distance between the inserts the heat transfer efficiency decreases.
• Nanofluids have been found to have great impact on heat transfer enhancement efficiency.
Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO have the maximum enhancement effects.
• Twisted Tape inserts, helical tape inserts produced a 50-80% increase in the Nusselt Number
whereas the wire coil inserts gave a 10-12% increase.
• Wire coil inserts gave thermal enhancement index in the range of 0.7-0.78 whereas the twisted
tape gave an efficiency more than 1 for all the papers reviewed.

7
Gaps in the Literature

 GAPS IDENTIFIED
• Most the papers that were reviewed contained the swirler throughout the length of the heat exchanger
which leads to increase in pressure drop.

• Papers reviewed discussed either use of nanofluids or swirlers to improve efficiency. No work has
been one where both the methods are integrated.

• From most of the literature reviewed, it was found that the inserts that were used were made up of
metals and the process used for the manufacturing of these inserts was welding which resulted in
rough surfaces which results in more pressure drop.

• Relationship between the blade parameters and swirl number has not been discussed in the papers
reviewed.

8
Objective & Scope

• To study heat transfer enhancement when swirler is placed only at the

upstream of the heat exchanger.
• Integration of the two different methods opted for heat transfer
enhancement which are use nanofluids and placement of swirlers.
• Use of the 3-D printing technology to create smooth surfaces avoiding
unnecessary pressure loss.
• Attempt will be made to find out the correlation between swirler
parameters and swirl number by the end of our project.
• Use of helical tape inserts for generation of swirling flow.
• Use of Al2O3 with water as fluid will be considered for nanofluid.

9
Equipment & Material Specifications

• Heat exchanger assembly.

• Al2O3 nanoparticle with water as base fluid.
• Helical swirler manufactured by 3-D printing.

Softwares-
1. SolidWorks
2. ANSYS

10
Methodology & Experimental
Procedure

Selection of heat transfer Designing of the swirler on

Project Start enhancement methods SolidWorks varying the length
based on papers reviewed. and twist ratio.

Simulation using ANSYS Fluent

Geometry giving the best simulation
of the different geometries and
result is selected for 3-D printing.
nanofluid concentration..

Analysing the simulated result

Conducting the experiment
and experiment results.

11
Simulation Methodology

Import CAD to
CAD in SolidWorks Mesh Generation
ANSYS Fluent.

Grid Independence test Fluent setup Define Domains, Fluid and solid

Post processing and result

using CFD post.

12
Work Plan (Gantt Chart)

3-Dec 22-Jan 13-Mar

Discussion and selection for the project topic

Reviewing the research paper related to methods of enhancing of heat transfer

Disussion with guide on projects updates required and papers reviewed on swirling flow and nanofluids

Preparation of report and presentation for review 1

Review 1

Design of helical tape insert and Simulation on Ansys

Manufacturing of the component (swirler) using 3-D printing.

Assembling the experimentation component.

Gathering the experiment results and preparation of report for review 2

Review 2

Comparison of the the simluation and experiment results and validation

Documentation of project report and preparation for final review.

Review 3

start date days to complete

13
References

[1] Eiamsa-ard, S. and Promvonge, P., 2005. Enhancement of heat transfer in a tube with regularly-spaced helical
tape swirl generators. Solar energy, 78(4), pp.483-494.

[2] Tamna, S., Kaewkohkiat, Y., Skullong, S. and Promvonge, P., 2016. Heat transfer enhancement in tubular
heat exchanger with double V-ribbed twisted-tapes. Case studies in thermal engineering, 7, pp.14-24.

[3] S. Nallusamy and N. Manikanda Prabu , 2017, “Heat Transfer Enhancement Analysis of Al2O3-Water Nano
Fluid Through Parallel and Counter Flow in Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers”, International Journal of
Nanoscience Vol. 16, No. 3 (2017) .

[4]Mr. Kumbhar D.G., Dr. Sane N.K., “Heat Transfer behavior in a tube with conical wire coil inserts”.

[5] Andrews, M. J., & Fletcher, L. S. (1996). Comparison of several heat transfer enhancement technologies for
gas heat exchangers. Journal of heat transfer, 118(4), 897-902.

[6] Eiamsa-Ard, S., Thianpong, C. and Eiamsa-Ard, P., 2010. Turbulent heat transfer enhancement by
counter/co-swirling flow in a tube fitted with twin twisted tapes. Experimental Thermal and Fluid
Science, 34(1), pp.53-62.

14