Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Atoms and The Periodic Table
Atoms and The Periodic Table
APPLICATIONS 1
abundances
Discuss the process of theoretical
change with respect to Dalton’s
atomic theory
ALL MATTER IS MADE OF ATOMS
Hydrogenis the most
common atom of our
universe
Types
of atoms in
Humans
Nitrogen 3%, Hydrogen 10%,
Oxygen 61%, Other 26 %
bubblingbrain.wordpress.com
Early Greek Philosophers
determined that atoms are the
building blocks of matter.
JOHN DALTON (1766–1844)
+ +
- -+
- -
+
www.ucl.ac.uk
J.J. THOMSON EXPERIMENTS
The first is the experiment of Joseph John Thomson,
who first demonstrated that atoms are actually
composed of aggregates of charged particles.
If a gas sample is introduced into the region between
two charged plates, a current flow can be observed,
suggesting that the atoms have been broken down
into charged constituents.
The source of these charged particles is a heated
cathode that, in fact, causes the atoms of the sample
to ionize. These were known as cathode rays.
In 1897, Thomson set out to prove that the cathode
rays produced from the cathode were actually a
stream of negatively charged particles called
electrons
J.J. THOMSON EXPERIMENTS
www.scientific-web.com
RUTHERFORD’S SCATTERING EXPERIMENT
RUTHERFORD’S MODEL OF THE ATOM
PROPOSED AFTER THE SCATTERING
EXPERIMENT
A minute, central nucleus
containing all the positive
charge of the atom and almost
all of the mass, surrounded by
empty space in which electrons
orbited the nucleus, rather like
planets round the sun
_
_
nobelprize.org
The modern atomic model shows that
electrons occupy regions of space
whose shape is described by complex
mathematical equations. (James
Chadwick)
www.csmate.colostate.edu
HISTORY OF ATOMIC THEORY
John Dalton’s theory of the atom started out as a solid
sphere with no charges.