Thermal power station

• A thermal power station comprises all of the

equipment and systems required to produce electricity
by using a steam generating boiler fired with
fossil fuels or biofuels to drive an electrical generator.
Some prefer to use the term energy center because
such facilities convert forms of energy, like
nuclear energy, gravitational potential energy or heat
energy (derived from the combustion of fuels) into
electrical energy. However, power plant is the most
common term in the United States, while power station
prevails in many Commonwealth countries and
especially in the United Kingdom.
• Such power stations are most usually constructed on
a very large scale and designed for continuous
operation.
 ABOUT B.T.P.S. :
• B.T.P.S. is situated in Tribeni near Bandel &
is presently under W.B.P.D.C.L.(West Bengal
Power Development Corporation Limited) having
the project for 560MW,that is total capacity of
this thermal station is having 4x87.5+1x210 MW
units.It is situated at the western bank of river
Hoogly so there is no dearth of cooling
water.The Condenser of the same units
operates once through the cooling system, i.e.
condenser cooling water is taken from the river
Hoogly & after cooling the said water returns to
the river Hoogly.
Figure.1 Schematic diagram of “SGS” Unit
• A thermal
power plant
continuously
converts the
energy stored
in fossil fuels
and natural gas
into shaft work
and ultimately
into electricity.
As it offers the greatest efficiency possible between
any two given limits of temperature.
But this cycle, applied to a steam power plant, is
practical up to a point.
Practical part :~
Expansion from VA to VB
Adiabatic expansion of the
steam in the turbine
(process BC).
Impractical part :~
Handling of steam in the
condenser and feed pump.
A slight modification Regenerative cycle
of this cycle makes it adopted :-
more practical. This To increase the
modified cycle is condensate
termed as Rankine temperature on it’s
cycle. This way back to the boiler
condensate can be and, as a
easily dealt with. consequence, to
increase the thermal
efficiency of the plant,
the process of
regenerative heating
(feed heating) is
introduced. 
 TURBO GENERATOR
The steam turbine-driven generators have
auxiliary systems enabling them to work
satisfactorily and safely. The steam turbine
generator being rotating equipment generally
has a heavy, large diameter shaft. The shaft
therefore requires not only supports but also has
to be kept in position while running. To minimise
the frictional resistance to the rotation, the shaft
has a number of bearings. The bearing shells, in
which the shaft rotates, are lined with a low
friction material like Babbitt metal. Oil lubrication
is provided to further reduce the friction between
shaft and bearing surface and to limit the heat
generated.
 • TURBINE:
• Each turbine consists of two casting of elements a single
flow high pressure & intermediate pressure element & double
flow low pressure element.The two elements are enclosed in a
separate cylinder,the steam flowing from high pressure
exhaust through the reheater then through the interceptor
valves & intermediate pressure stages & then through cross
over piping to the low pressure inlet.
• Supplier:Westinghouse electric international company,USA
• Type:Tandem,compound,double flow,reheat,condensing
• Specification:Capacity-87.5MW
• Speed-3000rpm
• Throttle pressure-1450psi
• Reheat temperature-1000oF
• Throttle temperature-1000oF
• Condenser back pressure-2.1/2”Hg absolute
• Turbine blading:
• H.P. Turbine:One Curtis stages parallel pair of rows of
reaction blading
• I.P. Turbine:22 pairs of reaction blading.
• L.P. Turbine:20 pairs of rows of reaction blading
 Boiler furnace and steam drum
• The boiler furnace auxiliary equipment includes coal feed
nozzles and igniter guns, soot blowers, water lancing and
observation ports (in the furnace walls) for observation of the
furnace interior. Furnace explosions due to any
accumulation of combustible gases after a trip-out are
avoided by flushing out such gases from the combustion
zone before igniting the coal.
• The steam drum (as well as the superheater coils and
headers) have air vents and drains needed for initial startup.
The steam drum has internal devices that removes moisture
from the wet steam entering the drum from the steam
generating tubes. The dry steam then flows into the
superheater coils.
WATER TUBE BOILER
Boiler Drum

Burner

Water wall tubes

 DEMINERALISATION
• DEMINERALISATION PROCESS WORK
ON THE PRINCIPLES OF ION
EXCHANGE.THE MINERAL SALTS
PRESENT IN FRESH WATER ARE
PARTICULARLY COMPLETELY
DISSOCIATED INTO IONS.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
• IMPORTANT METHODS OF
MEASURING TEMPERATURE ARE:
• MERCURY GLASS THERMOMETER
• ALCOHOL GLASS THERMOMETER
• RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE
DETECTOR
• THERMOCOUPLE
• OPTICAL PYROMETER
 MERCURY GLASS
THERMOMETER
• MERCURY THERMOMETER ARE
GENERALLY USED FOR
TEMPERATURE UP TO ABOUT
300OC,MERCURY REMAINING
LIQUIDOVER THE RANGE -39C.UNDER
THE PRESSURE OF AN INERT GAS IT
CAN ACT UPTO 500C
•
 ALCOHOL GLASS
THERMOMETER
• IN THESE THERMOMETERS ALCOHOL
IS USED AS THERMOMETRIC
LIQUID.THIS TYPE OF
THERMOMETERS ALSO USED TO
MEASURE UPTO 30C
 RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE
DETECTOR
• RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE
DETECTOR IS USED TO MEASURE
THE TEMPERATURE FROM 0oC TO
600OC.THE MATERIAL USED FOR RTD
IS MADE UP OF PLATINUM & COPPER
 THERMOCOUPLE
• THIS TYPE OF INSTRUMENT
MEASURED TEMPERATURE UP TO
1600OC.IT ACTS ON THE BASIS OF
SEEBACK EFFECT.
 OPTICAL PYROMETER
• THIS TYPE OF INSTRUMENT IS USED
TO MEASURE THE FURNACE
TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 800OC TO
1300OC.IN THIS INSTRUMENT LIGHT
FROM THE HOT BODY IS FOCUSSED
UPON THE PLANE OF A LAMP
FILAMENT WHICH IS VIEWED
THROUGH A PIECE OF RED GLASS
 DEMINERALISING PLANT

• HERE BOILER WATER TREATMENT IS

DONE .THE AIM OF BOILER WATER
TREATMENT:
• TO PREVENT AND TO CONTROL THE
FORMATION OF DEPOSITS IN THE
BOILER
• TO PREVENT THE CORROSION OF
THE BOILER & ITS AUXILIARIES
• TO PREVENT FOAMING