S

THE THINGS THAT WE ARE ABOUT TO TACKLE:

1.DEFINITION OF SOCIOLOGY
2.AIMS AND PURPOSES
3.KEY FIGURES
4.WRITTEN WORKS ON THE TOPIC OR
MAJOR THEORIES ADVANCED
 WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
It is a systematic study of human society. Its comes from
the Latin word socius meaning “friend” or companion”
and the greek word logos meaning “study”.

Sociology is a social science. It has its own methodology

and its own sub-disciplines. It elaborates theories based
on data (both quantitative and qualitative) gathered
empirically, on the field.
 Sociology, a social science that studies human societies, their
interactions, and the processes that preserve and change them. It
does this by examining the dynamics of constituent parts of
societies such as institutions, communities, populations, and
gender, racial, or age groups. Sociology also studies social status or
stratification, social movements, and social change, as well as
societal disorder in the form of crime, deviance, and revolution.
 Sociology is a fundamental social science
discipline that studies social structures and
their changes as well as social activities,
values and attitudes. The focus points range
from globalization and entire societies to
intimate social relationships.
The sociological perspective sees the general in the
particular. “We begin to think sociologically [when
we realize] how the general categories into which
we fall shape our particular life
experiences.””(Macionis, 2006, 2) Social rules of
behavior, societal expectations, and norms guide an
individual’s actions, thoughts, and feelings.
Sociology was born as a result of powerful
and complex economic and social forces.
The Industrial revolution created massive
changes not just in the field of technology
and in the way goods are manufactured,
but also in the work and living pattern of
the people.
 Generally speaking, it attempts to explain the
outcomes of individuals and their personal
attributes, opinions, tastes, and characteristics in
terms of their social environment. More
specifically, it is an application of statistical analysis
and the search for cause and effect relationships
between identifiable social variables like religion,
income, education, gender, etc.
 Sociology is "for" is to help explain the human
condition by making reference to our self-created
environments and understanding how the reflexive
nature of social action contributes to the formation
of personal identity, intersubjective meanings,
beliefs and cultures, institutional arrangements and
political structures.
 Sociology, like many other a
social science, is an attempt at
exploring the human condition
He is known as “the father of ‘Sociology” as he
was the first one to realize the importance of
relating sociology with science. He has made
huge contributions to the subject along with
which he coined sociology as ‘the science of
society’ or ‘the science of human behavior’.
He called the new subject invented by him as “Social physics” and
later explained that Sociology is a combination of Latin and Greek
words that describe the new sciences. He divided the subject into
two major parts. The first part was the ‘social statics’ which dealt
with the forces that hold the society together. The second part was
the ‘social dynamics’ which dealt with the forces that drive the
social change.
Harriet Martineau is considered the first woman
sociologist. In 1853, she was the first to translate August
Comte's work from French to English. It is through this
translation that English-speaking scholars could begin to
learn the works of Comte, who is known as the father of
sociology.
 Prior to this translation, Martineau was already clearing a path in her own
right with becoming active in observing social practices and their effects on
society. Even before the works of Marx, Engels or Weber, Martineau
examined social class, religion, suicide, national character, domestic relations
and how these elements affected social problems and individuals. Martineau
was also very active in women's rights, the fight against slavery, the struggle
of the common worker and religious tolerance.
 Jane Addams, known prominently for her work as a social
reformer, pacifist and feminist during the late 19th and early
20th centuries, was born Laura Jane Addams on September 6,
1860, in Cedarville, Illinois. The eighth of nine children born to
an affluent state senator and businessman, Addams lived a life
of privilege. Her father had many important friends, including
President Abraham Lincoln.
 Outside of her work as a prominent social reformer, Addams was a deeply
committed pacifist and peace activist. A frequent lecturer on the subject of
peace, she compiled her talks on ending war in the world in Newer Ideals
of Peace, published in 1907. After World War I began, Addams became
chair of the Women's Peace Party. Along with Emily Greene Balch and Alice
Hamilton, she attended the International Congress of Women at The
Hague in the Netherlands in 1915.
 These three social reformers and peace activists
worked together on a special report, Women at The
Hague: The International Congress of Women and Its
Results, which was published that same year. Addams
is remembered not only as a pioneer in the field of
social work but as one of the nation's leading pacifists.
 Factory life pulled away from their homes, changed their work
schedules, and weakened their family ties. It has also drawn more
people to the cities causing problems associated with the urbanization.
The new issues that confronted people at that time required a new way
of thinking. It was the French social thinker Auguste Comte who coined
the word sociology in 1838 to encapsulate the idea of improving society
by understanding how it operates.
 Course on Positive
Philosphy (1830-1840 six
volumes, translated and
condensed by Harriet
Martineau as the Positive
Philosophy of Auguste
Comte)
 He developed his major work, “Positive
Philosophy”, while he was hospitalized for the course
of 15 years. This work of his contained six volumes
which explained that society has its own set of laws
under which it is operated, similar to the physical
world.
The System of Positive
Polity, or treatise on
Sociology, Instituting
the Religion of
Humanity (1851-1854,
four volumes)
 He made another contribution to the subject
after his beloved’s demise in 1846 which was
known as “System of Positive Polity”. In his
another contribution, the “Religion of
Humanity”, he let out the idea of an improved
religious order that emphasized more on reason
and humanity.
 PREPARED BY:
KYLE FRANCIS REVITA
LORELEE JOI GONZAGA
KYLE LEPARDO
SANDY MONTANO
PATRICK LEPARDO

HUMSS 11-2
ST. GREGORY THE GREAT