Unit Reported speech

13
13.1 Direct speech and reported speech
13.2 Changes in reported speech
13.3 Reported statements
13.4 Reported questions
13.5 Reported commands, requests, advice, etc.
13.6 Exclamations and
yes/no
13.7 Mixed types
Grammar Practice
Part A Part B Part C Part D Part E
Language Practice
Part F Part G Part H

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Unit Reported speech
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13.1 Direct speech and reported speech
There are two ways in which we can report or say what
someone has said:

Direct Reported
Cathy said, ‘I don’t eat Cathy said that she did n
red meat.’ ot eat red meat.

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Unit Reported speech
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13.2 Changes in reported speech
• We often omit that after say and tell, but keep it after
other reporting verbs such as explain, complain, etc.
She explained that she was angry.

• We change first person pronouns and possessive

adjectives to third person.
He said, ‘I saw it with my own eyes.’
He said that he had seen it with his own
eyes.

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Unit Reported speech
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• When placed before a noun, the determiners this, these,
that and those change to the. However, when used in
time expressions, this usually becomes that (see the
next point).
‘I’ve read these books before,’ Ann said.
Ann said that she had read the books
before.
When used as pronouns, the above determiners become
it/them.
‘I want these,’ the boy said.
The boy said that he wanted them.

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Unit Reported speech
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• We change the adverbial expressions of time and place
when we report them in a different place or at a
different time.
‘I saw him here this morning,’ I said.
I said I had seen him there that morning.

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Unit Reported speech
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Direct Reported
here there
this week/month/year that week/month/year
now then
today that day
tonight that night
tomorrow the next/following day
the day after tomorrow in two days’ time/two days
later

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Unit Reported speech
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Direct Reported
yesterday the day before/the previous
day
the day before yesterday two days before/earlier
three days ago three days before/earlier
next Monday the following Monday
last Monday the previous Monday

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Unit Reported speech
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13.3 Reported statements
• When the reporting verb (say, tell, etc.) is in the present
tense, the tense in the reported speech does not change.
‘Kate is my best friend,’ he often says to his
friends.
He often tells his friends that Kate is his
best friend.

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Unit Reported speech
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• When the reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense
in reported speech changes as follows:

Situation Direct Reported

verbs in the ‘I’m ready,’ he said. He said that he was
present tenses ready.
change to the
‘I’m going out,’ he He said that he was
past tenses
said. going out.
‘I like it,’ he said. He said that he liked it.
‘I’ve finished,’ he He said that he had
said. finished.

will changes ‘I’ll post the letter,’ He said that he would

to would he said. post the letter.
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Unit Reported speech
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Situation Direct Reported
verbs in the ‘I took the red pen,’ She said that she had
past simple she said. taken the red pen.
tense either She said that she was
change into ‘I was born in 1989,’ born in 1989.
the past she said.
perfect or do
not change In the second
example, the tense does
not change to past perfect
as it is an expression of
definite past time (in
1989).

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Unit Reported speech
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Situation Direct Reported
verbs in the ‘They had left by He said that they had
past perfect do the time I arrived,’ left by the time he
not change he said. arrived.

modal verbs ‘She might not He said that she might

(could, might, come,’ he said. not come.
ought to,
‘I had better wait He said that he had
should, would,
for her,’ he said. better wait for her.
had better,
would rather)
do not change

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Unit Reported speech
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Situation Direct Reported
must changes ‘I must do it,’ he He said that he had to
to had to said. do it.

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Unit Reported speech
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1 When we report facts or habitual actions, we can
use the same tense the speaker uses.
‘Hong Kong is a densely populated city,’
he said.
He said that Hong Kong is a densely
populated city.

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Unit Reported speech
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This is particularly true when it is likely that
things have not changed since the time we heard
them said.
‘I care for my sick mother,’ she told me
when we met last week.
She told me (that) she cares for her sick
mother when I met her last week.
(i.e. I believe/It is probable that she still
does.)

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Unit Reported speech
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2 Subjunctives are reported unchanged.
‘I wish I had her telephone number,’ he
said.
He said that he wished he had her
telephone number.
‘If I had time, I would come,’ she said.
She said that if she had time she would
come.

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Unit Reported speech
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13.4 Reported questions
• Tenses, determiners, pronouns, etc. change in the same
way as reported statements do.
• In reported questions, we use the introductory verbs
asked, wondered, wanted to know, tried to find out, etc.
instead of said, tell, etc.
‘Are you coming, Tom?’ she asked.
She asked Tom if he was coming.

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Unit Reported speech
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• The interrogative word order (verb + subject) changes
to an affirmative word order (subject + verb) and the
sentence ends with a full stop, not a question mark.
• If a direct question begins with a question word (who,
what, how, etc.), the question word is kept in the
reported question.
‘Where do you live?’ the policeman asked the
boy.
The policeman asked the boy where he
lived.

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Unit Reported speech
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If it is a yes/no question, we normally use if or whether.
‘Do you like my dress?’ she asked Tony.
She asked Tony if/whether he liked her
dress.

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Unit Reported speech
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13.5 Reported commands, requests, advice, etc.
• We often report orders, requests, warnings, advice and
invitations by using the structure verb + object + to-
infinitive.

Direct Reported
‘Go away,’ she said to She told him to go away.
him.

‘Keep quiet,’ the teacher The teacher told the

said. class to keep quiet.

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Unit Reported speech
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Direct Reported
‘You should take a rest,’ She advised me to take
she said. a rest.

‘Could you help me?’ he He asked me to help

said. him.

‘Would you like to have She invited me to have

dinner with us?’ she dinner with them.
asked.

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Unit Reported speech
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• We often report offers, promises and threats by using
the verbs offer, promise, threaten, etc. + to-infinitive.
‘May I help you?’ the shop assistant said.
The shop assistant offered to help me.

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Unit Reported speech
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• Suggestions are usually reported by suggest + gerund
or that-clause.
‘Let’s go for a swim,’ he said.
He suggested going for a swim/that we
go for a swim.
Compare: ‘Let’s act without delay,’ he said.
He urged us to act without
delay.

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Unit Reported speech
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• In negative orders, requests, promises, etc., we use not
+ to-infinitive.
‘Don’t disturb me,’ he said.
He told us not to disturb him.

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Unit Reported speech
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13.6 Exclamations and yes/no
• There are no definite rules for changing exclamations
into reported speech, but we often use say, remark,
exclaim, greet, shout, etc.
‘Hello, Tom,’ she said. ‘Lovely day, isn’t it?’
She greeted Tom and remarked that it
was a lovely day.
‘What a tall building!’ she said.
She said/exclaimed that it was a tall
building.

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Unit Reported speech
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• Yes and No are reported by subject + auxiliary verb
(do, does, did, is, was, etc.), usually in the past simple
or the past perfect tense.
‘Are you going?’ she asked. ‘Yes,’ Alan replied.
She asked Alan if he was going and Alan
replied that he was.

‘Did you see Tom?’ she asked him. ‘No,’ he

replied.
She asked him if he had seen Tom and he
replied that he had not.

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Unit Reported speech
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13.7 Mixed types
• In reported speech, each statement, question, command,
etc. is reported with a suitable reporting verb.
‘Don’t play with that knife, Sally,’ Mrs Chan said.
‘You’ll hurt yourself.’
Mrs Chan told Sally not to play with the
knife and added that she would hurt herself.

‘You look beautiful in that dress, Jane,’ Paul

said. ‘Was it expensive?’
Paul told Jane that she looked beautiful in
the dress and asked her whether/if it had
been expensive. P.126
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Unit Reported speech
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• Sometimes we can use either as/because/since or a
participle instead of a second reporting verb.
‘Where did you buy that bag, Emily? I’d like
to get one for my sister,’ James said.
James wanted to know where Emily had
bought the bag as he thought he might
get one for his sister.

‘Don’t go to bed late. Remember that you need

to get up early tomorrow,’ Chloe’s mother said.
Chloe’s mother told her not to go to bed
late, reminding her that she needed to
get up early the next day.
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Unit Reported speech
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Grammar Practice
Change the statements into reported speech. The first one
has been done for you as an example.

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Unit Reported speech
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1 ‘I’m expecting Kathy,’ he said.
He said he was expecting Kathy.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

2 ‘My sister hasn’t returned yet from her holiday,’ he told me.
He told me (that) his sister had not yet returned
_______________________________________________
from her holiday.
_______________________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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3 ‘I’ll give you a call as soon as I get there,’ she promised me.
She promised she would give me a call as soon
_______________________________________________
as she got there.
_______________________________________________

4 ‘We’re moving into our new flat next month,’ Derek told
me.
Derek told me (that) they were moving into their
_______________________________________________
new flat the following month.
_______________________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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5 ‘I can’t use this computer without your help,’ Ann said to
her brother.
Ann told her brother (that) she could not use the
_______________________________________________
computer without his help.
_______________________________________________

6 ‘I had two teeth pulled out yesterday,’ Tony told his uncle.
Tony told his uncle (that) he had had two teeth
_______________________________________________
pulled out the previous day.
_______________________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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7 ‘This is not the book I lent you last week,’ Ella said to
Joseph.
Ella told Joseph (that) it was not the book she
_______________________________________________
had lent him the week before/the previous week.
_______________________________________________

8 ‘You needn’t wait for me,’ she said to us.

She told us (that) we needn’t wait for her.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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The word order in some of these sentences is incorrect.
Underline any mistakes and correct them. If the sentence is
correct, put a tick () in the space. The first two have been
done for you as examples.

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Unit Reported speech
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1 He asked me what was I doing.
He asked me what I was doing.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

2 Melinda wondered if she would be invited.


_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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3 Kate asked me who was the man.
Kate asked me who the man was.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

4 She asked the doctor how many times a day should she
take the medicine.
She asked the doctor how many times a day
_______________________________________________
she should take the medicine.
_______________________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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5 I asked her why did she decline the offer.
I asked her why she declined the offer.
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

6 She wondered how was he going to tell his parents.

She wondered how he was going to tell his
_______________________________________________
parents.
_______________________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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7 Fred asked me when the football match would be held.

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

8 Kate asked me which umbrella was mine.


_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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Rewrite these sentences in reported speech by beginning
with the given words. The first one has been done for you as
an example.

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Unit Reported speech
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1 ‘Do you think I should accept the offer?’ she said to me.
if I thought she should accept the
She asked me ____________________________________
offer.
_______________________________________________

2 ‘Did you go to the party last night?’ I asked Sandy.

if Sandy had gone to the party
I wanted to know _________________________________
the previous night.
_______________________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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3 ‘Shall I tell her the truth?’ I said to myself.
if I should tell her the truth.
I wondered _____________________________________
_______________________________________________

4 ‘When did you last see your neighbour?’ the policeman

asked Mr Lam.
when he had last
The policeman asked Mr Lam _______________________
seen his neighbour.
_______________________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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5 ‘What do you do in your spare time?’ I asked Peter.
what Peter did in his spare
I wanted to know _________________________________
time.
_______________________________________________

6 ‘Where is the post office?’ the tourist asked.

where the post office
The tourist asked _________________________________
was.
_______________________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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7 ‘Do you have a driving licence?’ he asked me.
if I had a driving licence.
He wanted to know _______________________________
_______________________________________________

8 ‘How long have you been waiting here?’ she asked me.
how long I had been waiting there.
She asked me ____________________________________
_______________________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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Complete the short dialogues with appropriate expressions.
The first one has been done for you as an example.

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Unit Reported speech
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1 Eric Please make me a cup of coffee, Ann.

Ann’s mother What are you doing here in the kitchen?

Ann to make him a cup

Eric asked me ____________________
of coffee.
________________________________
________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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2 Tourist Could you show me the way to the
nearest MTR station, please?

Janet What did the man want?

Peggy to show him the

He asked me______________________
way to the nearest MTR station.
________________________________
________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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3 Lily’s mother Don’t watch television while you’re
doing your homework.

David Let’s watch television. There’s a good

programme on.

Lily not to
We’d better not. Mum told us ________
watch television while we were
________________________________
doing our homework.
________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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4 Jack Let’s go for a swim tomorrow.

Bruce What did Jack say?

Steve going/we go for a

He suggested _____________________
swim the next day.
________________________________
________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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5 Rebecca Don’t forget to return the book to
Jane.

Kate’s sister What did Rebecca just say?

Kate to return the

She reminded me _________________
book to Jane.
________________________________
________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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6 Peter to Danielle We’re going on a picnic this Sunday.
Would you like to join us?

Sarah to Danielle Are you free to go to the cinema this

Sunday?

Danielle I’m afraid not. Peter and his friends

invited me on a picnic this Sunday, and
to join them.
I’ve agreed ______________________
________________________________
________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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7 Stranger Could I speak to the manager?

Mr Lam What did that man say to you?

Receptionist to speak to the

He asked ________________________
manager.
________________________________
________________________________

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Unit Reported speech
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8 You to Sandy If I were you, I wouldn’t give up.

Mike What advice did you give Sandy?

You not to give up.

I advised her _____________________
________________________________
________________________________

(Note: accept all reasonable answers)

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Unit Reported speech
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Read what some people said to Mrs Chan today:

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Unit Reported speech
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(1) Her daughter Lillian: I don’t want to be
late myself.

(2a) Her friend Mrs Lee: I’m sorry I didn’t

call last night.

(2b) Her friend Mrs Kwok: You’ve lost a lot

of weight.

(2c) Her doctor: You should eat a more

balanced diet.

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Unit Reported speech
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(3) The boy next door: I didn’t ring your

doorbell last night.

(4) The owner of the cake shop: The government is going

to demolish the building
next door to mine.

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Unit Reported speech
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(5) Mrs Chan’s mother-in-law: I’m coming to

Hong Kong on the
17th. Can you meet
me at the airport?

(6) Mr Tsui: Is your husband home? Will you please tell

him I’ve got the information he needs?

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Unit Reported speech
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It is evening now and Mrs Chan is telling her husband about
her day. Complete what Mrs Chan says by reporting what people
said to her during the day. The first one has been done for you as
an example.

1 I talked to Lillian this afternoon. I asked her to take

Tony to school every morning but she said no ______
as she didn’t want to be late herself
__________________________________________ .

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Unit Reported speech
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2 I met Mrs Kwok and Mrs Lee at the supermarket. Mrs Lee
not calling last night
apologised for (a) _________________________________
I had lost a lot of
and Mrs Kwok pointed out that (b) ____________________
weight
__________________ . I was concerned by her remark, so I
went to the doctor for a check-up. He advised me (c)
to eat a more balanced diet
________________________________________________ .

WHAT
WHAT PEOPLE
PEOPLE SAID
SAID P.130
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Unit Reported speech
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3 I warned the boy next door not to play with our doorbell
ringing it last night
but he denied ___________________________________ .

4 (that) the
The owner of the cake shop told me __________________
government was going to demolish the building
_______________________________________________
next door to his
______________________________________________ .
Have you heard anything about this?

WHAT
WHAT PEOPLE
PEOPLE SAID
SAID P.130
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Unit Reported speech
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5 There were two calls this afternoon. Your mother called to
she is coming to Hong Kong
tell us __________________________________________
on the 17th
_________________________ . She wanted to know if we
could meet her at the airport
_______________________________________ .

6 Later, your friend Mr Tsui called. He asked for you, and

tell
when I told him you were out, he asked me to __________
you
_______________________________________________
(that) he had got the information you needed/
______________________________________________ .
has got the information you need

WHAT
WHAT PEOPLE
PEOPLE SAID
SAID P.130
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Unit Reported speech
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Language Practice
Read the conversation and then fill in the blanks in the
passage below it using reported speech. The first one has
been done for you as an example.

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Unit Reported speech
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Andy Hi, Margie. I didn’t expect to see you here.

How are you doing?
Margie Fine, thanks. And you?
Andy Very well, thanks. I haven’t seen your
brother for ages. How’s he getting on?
Margie Great! He’s enjoying his new job, and he’s
getting along well with his colleagues.
Andy I’m glad to hear that. Perhaps the
three of us could catch up this
weekend?

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Unit Reported speech
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Margie Not this weekend, I’m afraid. My brother’s

out of town. He’s been sent to Beijing and
won’t be back until the end of this month.
Andy Did he go alone?
Margie No, he went with his boss. His boss needs
someone who can speak Putonghua.
Andy Really? I didn’t know your brother
spoke Putonghua.

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Unit Reported speech
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Margie He’s been taking a course for a few months.

Andy Well, I must be going. Would you give me a
call when he returns?
Margie Sure. Bye!

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Unit Reported speech
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he hadn’t
Andy greeted Margie, saying that (1) _____________________
expected to see her there
________________________________ .

she was
He asked how she was and Margie said that (2) _____________
fine
_____________ how he
. She went on to ask Andy (3) ______________
was
_____________ . Andy replied that he was very well and, after
(that) he
expressing his thanks, told Margie (4) _____________________
hadn’t seen her brother for ages
______________________________________________ .

CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION P.131
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Unit Reported speech
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how her brother was getting on
He asked her (5) _____________________________________ .
that he
Margie told him that her brother was doing great, (6) ____________
was enjoying his new job
________________________________________________ and
he was getting along well with his
that (7) _____________________________________________
colleagues
______________________ .

CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION P.131
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Unit Reported speech
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(that) he was glad to hear that , and then
Andy said (8) _________________________________
Margie and her brother to catch up that
he invited (9) ___________________________________________
weekend
_________________ . Margie told Andy that she and her brother
would not be able to make it that Saturday. She explained (10)
that her brother had been sent to Beijing
__________________________________________ and that he (11)
wouldn’t be back until the end of that month .
___________________________________________

CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION P.132
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Unit Reported speech
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he had gone alone
Andy asked whether (12) _______________________________
had gone with his
and Margie replied that he (13) __________________________
boss
____________ needed someone who could
, who (14) ______________________________
speak Putonghua
_______________________________________ . As Andy (15)
had not known that Margie’s brother spoke/could
____________________________________________________
speak Putonghua , he could not hide his surprise when he
___________________
had been
heard this. Margie told him that her brother (16) ______________
taking a course for a few months
______________________________________ .

CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION P.132
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Unit Reported speech
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As they spoke, Andy realised that it was time for him to go. He
that he had
explained (17) ___________________________ to leave and asked
if she would give him a call when her
Margie (18) __________________________________________
brother returned
____________________________ .

said she would

Margie (19) _____________________________ before saying
goodbye.

CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION P.132
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Unit Reported speech
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Complete the survey report on p.134-135 with the findings
below. Use reported speech. The first one has been done for
you as an example.

SURVEY
SURVEY

P.132-133
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Unit Reported speech
13 Reported speech is often used
in survey reports to talk about
responses from individuals.

Survey Report on Careers Fair

The Careers and Future Society held a Careers Fair last month and
conducted a survey to gather feedback from participants. The
purpose of this report is to present the results of the survey.

A total of 124 participants were surveyed. They were asked (1)

why they took/had taken part in the Careers Fair. The majority of
________________________________________
participants reported that they were there to explore career options.

SURVEY
SURVEY P.134
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Unit Reported speech
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she wanted
Daisy Pang, one of the respondents, said that (2) _____________
explore different possibilities in scientific fields whereas
_____________________________________________
he was
another respondent, Desmond Lau, explained that (3) _________
interested in learning about how to develop a career
____________________________________________________
in art . Twenty-eight of the respondents took part in the Fair to
______
obtain professional advice. For example, Vanessa Mo said that
her parents had suggested that she (should) talk to the
(4) _________________________________________________
legal professionals at the Fair to get a better understanding
____________________________________________________
of their line of work
______________________ . Some participants went to the Fair to

SURVEY
SURVEY P.134
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Unit Reported speech
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seek summer jobs. Among them was Stewart Ling, who remarked
his goal was to find a couple of summer jobs
that (5) _______________________________________________
.

There were other reasons for participation as well. William Ho, a

his friend Joe wanted
respondent, told our staff that (6) __________________________
some company and that was why he had come
__________________________________________________ .
she had
Another respondent, Marianne Wai, explained that (7) ________
just been walking by and thought it looked interesting
___________________________________________________ .

SURVEY
SURVEY P.134
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Unit Reported speech
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Participants were then asked (8) which activity they (had) found
___________________________
_______________
most useful , and were asked to rate the different activities.

The Career Talks were rated the highest. One participant, Marco
the Career Talks had been well tailored
Yu, said that (9) ________________________________________
for people of his age . Rated second highest was ‘Explore
______________________
she had
Your Interests’. One participant commented that (10) ________
enjoyed and learned a lot from the interactive games
___________________________________________________
offered there. Rated slightly lower was the Information Kiosk.

SURVEY
SURVEY P.134
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Unit Reported speech
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One respondent complained that (11) she
_______________________
could not find relevant
information at the Information Kiosk on the field
_____________________________________________________
(that)
______________________ . Another activity was ‘Chat with a
she was interested in
Pro’. Samantha Liu, a participant, complained that (12) the queues
_________
at the ‘Chat with a Pro’ booths had been really long
____________________________________________________ ,
it had been worth the
but then commented positively that (13) ____________________
if they would
wait . The survey also asked participants (14) _____________
______
come back the following year . While the majority of
_____________________________
respondents gave positive responses, 36% of participants said

SURVEY
SURVEY P.134-135
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Unit Reported speech
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they would not be back and 11% of participants said ‘maybe’.
Among the last group of respondents was Ray Chau, who
explained that (15) ____________________________________
whether he would come back
(the following year)/it/his return would depend on the
___________________________________________________
content (of the Careers Fair) , and Winky Pao, who said
_____________________________
she would probably come back unless there was a
(16) __________________________________________________
conflict with her schedule
________________________________ .

(Note: accept all reasonable answers)

SURVEY
SURVEY P.135
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Unit Reported speech
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Read the information, then use a suitable word to fill in each
blank in the conversation below. If a word is given in
brackets, use the correct form of the given word. Make sure
that your answers are grammatically correct. The first two
have been done for you as examples.

P.135
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Unit Reported speech
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Joey and Ling are good friends and they are both
health conscious. Ling plays basketball almost every
day after school and does training exercises in the
morning before going to class. Joey attends judo
classes a few times a week and believes that judo
helps her concentrate at school.

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Unit Reported speech
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Ling Where are you off to?
Hey, Joey. (1) __________

Joey I’m going to my judo class.

Ling were/are (be) learning

Oh yeah, Danielle said you (2) __________
some kind of martial art. She also told me that you
(3) started (start) attending judo classes a year
__________
(4) ago
___________ go
and that you (5) __________ (go) to
classes a few times a week.

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Unit Reported speech
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Joey Yes, that’s right. I was having trouble concentrating at
for
school and was looking (6) __________ a method to stay
focused in the classroom. Then, a friend told me that she
(7) had been learning (learn) judo and that it
___________________
(8) had helped/helped (help) her focus on her studies.
___________________
(9) Since then, I’ve been attending judo classes
__________
How
three times a week. (10) _________ about you? Do you do
any sports?

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Unit Reported speech
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Ling Yes, I play basketball almost every day after school and I
in
train (11) __________ the morning before school.

Joey Wow, you must really enjoy basketball!

Ling the
That’s right. I’m also in (12) _________ school team so I
need to train regularly. On top of that, my coach asked me
(13) if/whether I’d be interested in joining the district’s
__________
youth basketball team. She said I (14) need/needed
___________
(need)

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Unit Reported speech
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to train to jump higher and run faster in order to secure
(15) a
_________ spot on the team.

Joey Oh, a friend of mine was in that basketball team two years
was/had been (be) a lot of
ago. She told me that it (16) ______________
would try out (try out) for the team
fun and that she (17) _____________
again this year.

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Unit Reported speech
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Ling if/whether/that it was
Did your friend mention (18) _______________
very difficult to get in? I’m somewhat anxious about the
trial because I really want to join such great team. The
coach told me that the team (19) has/had won (win) the
____________
championship two years in a row.

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Unit Reported speech
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Joey Hmm ... She commented that the other players on the
are/were (be) all very good and that the
team (20) _________
coaches strongly (21) emphasise/emphasised
_______________________
(emphasise) skill drills. Would you like me to introduce
you to my friend? You two can practise together.

Ling That’d be great. Thanks!

(Note: accept all reasonable answers)

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