Application, Properties ,Natural

occurrence of esters

Presented by:
Aslam (2017-CH-702)
 ESTERIFICATION

Esters are derived from carboxylic acids. A carboxylic

acid contains the -COOH group, and in an ester the
hydrogen in this group is replaced by a hydrocarbon
group of some kind.
 Chemical Properties

 Hydrolysis:
Esters are Hydrolysed by acid or alkleis to from
alcohols and acids
or there sodium salts
E.X: ethyle acetate is hydrolysed as under
 Raction with Phospherous Pentachloride

Phospherous Pentachloride reacts with esters to

produce acid chloride and alkyl chlorides.

CH3COOC2H5 + PCL5 CH3COCL + C2H5CL +POCL3

 Physical Properties of Ester

 Esters are covalent compounds which are only

sparingly soluble in water.
 Esters are usually volatile, pleasant smelling liquid.
 Esters are neutral towards litmus
 Esters are colorless natural liquids.
 Application of Esterification

Esters are used as an organic solvents.

 In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol
and fatty acids.
Several billion kilograms of polyesters are produced
industrially annually, important products being polyethylene
terephthalate, acrylate esters, and cellulose acetate
Nitrate esters, such as nitroglycerin, are known for their
explosive properties.
Polyesters are used to make plastics.
 Natural occurrence of Esters

Esters that are have fragrant odors are used as a constituent of

perfumes, essential oils, food flavorings, cosmetics, etc.
Ester Name Odor or Flavour

Allyl hexanoate, Ethyl butyrate Pineapple

Methyl transcinnamate Strawberry

Butyl acetate Apple

Propyl acetate Pear

Ethyl butyrate Apricot

 Uses of ethyl acetat

Ethyl acetate is used primarily as a solvent and diluent, being

favored because of its low cost, low toxicity, and
 agreeable odor.
 it is commonly used to clean circuit boards and in some
 nail varnish removers.
 Coffee beans and tea leaves are decaffeinated with this
 solvent.
 Ethyl acetate is present in confectionery, perfumes, and
 fruits.
 In perfumes, it evaporates quickly, leaving only the scentof the
perfume on the skin.
 Laboratory uses

 In the laboratory, mixtures containing ethyl acetate are

commonly used in column chromatography and extractions.
 Ethyl acetate is rarely selected as a reaction solvent because it is
prone to hydrolysis and transesterification
 Ethyl acetate is fairly volatile at room temperature and has a
boiling point of 77 °C (171 °F).Hence, it can be removedfrom a
sample by heating in a hot water bath and providingventilation with
compressed air.
 Ester uses in plastic industry

• Phthalate esters or phthalic acid esters (PAEs) have

been widely used in plastic manufacturing since
the 1930s to act as an additive, which gives flexibility
to vinyl resins.
 Manufacture of Phthalate esters

• Phthalate esters are prepared by the esterification of

phthalic anhydride with two molar equivalents of an
alcohol or an alcohol blend. Although almost any
alcohol can be used to make a phthalate ester, it is
usually only the esters of the C6 to C13 alcohols that
are useful as PVC plasticizers.
 Uses of Phthalate esters

They are mainly used as plasticizers, i.e.

substances added to plastics to increase their
flexibility, transparency.
Durability, and longevity.
They are used primarily to soften polyvinyl chloride
(PVC).