SELF-

DEVELOPMENT
SELF-DEVELOPMENT

– Is the process of knowing oneself by reflecting on

one’s life experiences and the events that
happened by chance in his/her life, one is able to
discover more about oneself.
PERSONALITY

– In western mainstream psychology, the self is

generally defined as one’s personality or ego. The
word personality came from the Greek word
persona which mean mask.
 CATELL’S CLASSIFICATION OF TRAITS
Type of Traits Description
Common Traits These are traits which everyone shares; for example everyone
has some measure of intelligence or extraversion.
Unique Traits These are traits that distinguish us as individuals; for example
an interest in politics or sports such as basketball.
Ability Traits Skills or abilities that determine how well we can work toward
our goals.
Temperament Traits Emotions or feelings that determine how we react to people
and situations.
Dynamic Traits These are traits underlie our motivations and drive our
behavior.
Surface Traits Characteristics that are composed of source traits or behavioral
elements.
Source Traits These are the single, stable and permanent elements of
behavior.
Constitutional Traits Source traits that have biological origins such as behaviors
which arise from too much alcohol consumption.
Environmental-mold Traits Source traits that have environmental origins such as behaviors
influenced by our friends, work environment, or
neighborhood.
Raymond Cattell defined traits as
reaction tendencies that are
somewhat permanent parts of
personality.
 Costa and McCrae’s Big Five
OCEAN
Openness • Imaginative or practical
• Interested in variety or sticks to a routine
• Independent or conforming
Conscientiousness • Organized or disorganized
• Careful or careless
• Disciplined or impulsive
Extraversion • Sociable or retiring
• Fun-loving or somber
• Energetic or reserved
Agreeableness • Soft-hearted or ruthless
• Trusting or suspicious
• Helpful or uncooperative
Neuroticism • Calm or anxious
(Emotional Instability) • Secure or insecure
• Self-satisfied or self-pitying
Johari Window is a concept that can be
used to further understand the different
aspects and parts of the self.
Known to Self Unknown to Self
OPEN SELF BLIND SELF
Information about you that both you Information about you that you don’t
and others know. know but others do know
HIDDEN SELF UNKNOWN SELF
Information about you that you know but Information about you that neither you
others don’t know nor others know
DEVELOPING
THE WHOLE
PERSON

Five areas of Personal Development

PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

– Refers to the physical changes in the

body as well as the senses and changes
in skills related to movement.
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

– It has do to with the feelings that you

experience. Emotions are responses
that generate biochemical reactions in
our bodies, changing the physical state.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

– It is about our inborn capacity to relate to

others, to connect, and to feel
belongingness. As a person grows, there is
the desire to be part of various groups and
be recognized.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
– Refers to a person’s intellectual abilities as shown
in his/her thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, and values.
The development of one’s mental abilities affects
how one makes decisions, remembers details,
and solve problems.
According to Hogg & Vaughan
(2005). An attitude is a personal
stance that one develops from
previous personal experiences.
Values, are the subjective
judgements that people make
about the importance of certain
things or issue.
Shalom Schwartz (2012)
identified 10 basic human values
which he claimed to be
universal.
Virtues are qualities which
typically reflect what one prizes
and are manifested in values or
what one considers as essential
to his/herself.
A person who values justice is
fair, objective, and treats people
with equal respect.
UNIVERSALISM
Understanding, appreciation, tolerance
and protection for the welfare of all
people and for nature.
BENEVOLENCE
Preservation and enhancement of the
welfare of people with whom one is in
frequent personal contact.
TRADITION
Respect, commitment and acceptance of
the customs and ideas that traditional
culture or religion provide the self.
CONFORMITY
Restraint of actions, inclinations and
impulses likely to upset or harm others
and violate social expectations or norms.
SECURITY
Safety. Harmony, and stability of society,
or relationships, and or self.
POWER
Social status and prestige, control or
dominate over people and resources.
ACHIEVEMENT
Personal success through demonstrating
competence according to social
standards
HEDONISM
Pleasure and sensuous gratification for
oneself.
STIMULATION
Excitement, novelty and challenge in life.
SELF-DIRECTION
Independent thought and action-
choosing , creating, exploring
ALBERT BANDURA

– He viewed children as active information

processors who quickly learn many new habits
through observation.
– Bandura also sees human agency or the capacity
of humans to exercise control over their own lives
as the essence of humanness.
Psychology is a study of
the “psyche” which means
soul.
DEVELOPMENTAL
STAGES IN MIDDLE
AND LATE
ADOLESCENCE
ADOLESCENCE

– Is that transition period between being a

child and being an adult. It is the period of
being “caught in the middle”, and it can be
difficult for the person going through it.
ERIK ERIKSON
– He is best known for this theory of the eight stages of
psychosocial development, and is known to have coined
the famous phrase “identity crisis.”
– Erikson believed that personality develops throughout
the life cycle and stretches from infancy to old age.
According to Erikson, our life
is made up of interacting
opposites. The syntonic
elements are the harmonious
and allow us to properly deal
with the social world while the
dystonic elements are
disruptive and lead us to
move away from other
people.
 Psychosocial Crisis
Stage Syntonic Dystonic Basic Core Significant
Element Element Strength Pathology Relation
Infancy Basic Trust Basic Mistrust Hope Withdrawal Mothering One

Early Childhood Autonomy Shame and Will Compulsion Parents

Doubt

Play Stage Initiative Guilt Purpose Inhibition Family

School Age Industry Inferiority Competence Inertia Neighborhood/S

chool

Adolescence Identity Identity Fidelity Role Peer groups

Confusion Repudiation

Young Intimacy Isolation Love Exclusivity Sexual Partners,

Adulthood friends

Adulthood Generativity Stagnation Care Rejectivity Divided Labor

and shared
household
Old Age Integrity Despair Wisdom Disdain All humanity
INFANCY

– An infant enters a world of uncertainty with

respect to the fulfillment of his/her needs. The
baby looks up to a reliable caregiver who is
usually the mother. When this happens regularly,
the baby feels secure and is able to develop basic
trust in a world that cares.
EARLY CHILDHOOD

– As the child grows and discovers his/her

abilities, he/she becomes assertive in
exercising his/her newfound skills of walking
and handling things.
PLAY STAGE

– The child rapidly develops as he/she

becomes more active in initiating
activities like play or discovering out of
curiosity.
SCHOOL AGE

– The young pupil learns many new

knowledge and skills. His/her social world
expands beyond the family to include
his/her playmates.
ADOLESCENCE

– Is a major stage of development as the

child needs to know the roles he/she will
assume as an adult. The painful stage of
role confusion may lead the adolescent to
experiment with possible sources of more
immediate security or sense of belonging.
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD

– Usually, the challenge is to be generative

productive that is, to find a career, have a
lifetime partner and family, or have a
vocation that enables one to become a
meaningful part of a bigger world beyond
just oneself.
OLD AGE

– Of senior citizens such as grandparents or

the elderly, the challenge is to find
satisfaction in a life that has been lived
fruitfully and provides a sense of
accomplishing worthwhile goals in life.
IDENTITY CRISIS

– Is the person who has difficulty

understanding and getting to know
him/herself.