Measures for promoting National

Integration
Religious and Moral Education
Committee (1959)
 Under the guidance of Shriprakash.
 Recommendations:
 Discard the narrow concept of religious education
 Focused on extensive and fundamental values
 Bad habits and traditionalism should be corrected
 Healthy family atmosphere should be given to every child
 Prayers in morning and quotes of saints, philosophers and great
personalities should be shared with students
 Development of national attitude, social consciousness, sacrifice and
dignity of labour
 Co-curricular activities to inspire students and group discussions to
inculcate moral and religious values
 Physical education to be made compulsory
 National Integration Committee (1962)
 Under the leadership of Dr. Sampurnanand.
 Recommendations:
 National policy on education for whole country should be framed.
 Courses should be diversified
 Promotion of two languages: Hindi and English along with regional language.
 Stressed on programmes of emotional integration.
 Objectives of national unity and human welfare should be included in syllabus.
 Introduction of school uniform and maintenance of discipline standards
 National songs and symbols should be included in morning assemblies
 Socio-economic survey of youth should be done to understand their needs and aspirations
 Upgrading teachers through training
 Preparation and publication of literature related to historical truths, contribution of
various religions and regions of Indian culture
 Comparative study of religions and their activities
 Co-curricular activities like exhibitions, literary activities, excursions, competitions etc.
 Extensive adult education should be provided
 Promotion of national consciousness among citizens
 Education Commission (1964-66)
 Under the guidance of Dr. Kothari
 Main features of report:
 Stressed on balanced development of values through fusion of traditional and modern values
 Importance was given to democracy, socialism, welfare and comprehensiveness of religions.
 Stressed on moral and spiritual values for development of cultured and civilized citizens.
 Emphasized that education must be helpful in developing confidence in nation and its future
 Education must help in raising standard of living of population, developing consciousness
for society and its welfare, creating awareness about the obligations of citizens.
 Focused on promotion of respect for different cultures, values, customs and traditions.
 Established a common school system
 Introduced national and social service concept
 Focused on development of Indian language.
National Integration Council (1961)
 Under the chairmanship of Pt. Nehru.
 Suggestions:
 Fuller and better education facilities should be provided to all
children and youth
 Students should be engaged in national building activities
 Students should be helped in identifying themselves with the nation
and its progress
 Late on in the meeting held in 1968, the council re-emphasized on
the importance of values like: unity in diversity, democracy, socialism,
justice, secularism, liberty, equality, fraternity and citizenship.
 Schools and universities organized seminars on value education.
 Teacher orientation programmes were conducted
National Policy on Education (1986)
 In this policy public opinion was considered.
 Main features:
 Focused on updating existing education system according to the
changing needs of people and society.
 Role of education according to this policy is defined as:
Acculturating, combating and integrative.
 Focused on preparing students to fight against disruptive forces
and to integrate in the society
 Policy recommended value education as means of individual
progress
 NEP coined the term value education for the first time to cover
religious, moral and character education all in one.
National Curriculum for Elementary and
Secondary Education: A Framework (1988)
 Focused on achievement of universal objective of all round
development of the child through national educational
traditions.
 Development of values given in constitution of India, so that
country’s emotional unity can be strengthened and youth can
be prepared to face future challenges.
Program of Action (PoA) 1992
 Highlighted the need for modernization of curriculum and
pedagogy due to advances in knowledge.
National Curriculum Framework for
school Education (2000)
 Emphasized that education can minimize or eliminate various
types of biases, imbalances and differences on basis of caste,
religion, gender, language etc.
 Equal access to quality education and opportunity would be given
to all
 Schools must restore and sustain universal values oriented towards
integration, moral and spiritual growth.
 Value education would help in fighting against negative values like:
dishonesty, violence, corruption, exploitation
 Value education should be introduced at an early stage in school
education.
 Comparative study of religions should be introduced at secondary
and higher secondary level.
International understanding
 It means acceptance of rights of all nations for an honorable
existence, eliminating fear of war, ignorance and prejudices
and understanding the value of co-operation and peace.
Need for developing International
understanding
 To develop a sense of world citizenship
 To prevent wars between nations and establishing peace
 To prevent human exploitation
 To prevent unhealthy competition
 To promote co-operation and interdependence of people and nations
 To remove barriers of caste, creed, color, religion or nation
 To promote cosmopolitan culture
 To promote respect for all individuals and cultures
 To safeguard the national interests
 To prevent narrow and self centered nationalistic ideas
 To promote settlement of disputes through compromise and discussions
 To promote concept of democracy and peaceful co-existence
 To prevent discrimination and isolation
 To synchronize diverse cultures
Nationalism Vs Internationalism
 If human race is to survive, we have to subordinate national
pride to international feeling. A nation has its place within an
international order but if it puts its interests above those of
the human community, it becomes dangerous.
 Radhakrishanan
Role of education in developing
International understanding
 Education of international was first introduced by UNESCO
in 1974. It includes:
 Peace education
 Understanding of all countries
 Human rights education
 Understanding of UN
 Principles for international
understanding
 Independent thinking and analytical attitude should be developed in students to decide what
is right and what is wrong
 Students must be developed to act as per their knowledge
 Patriotism should be taught in a broader way
 Importance of inter dependence of countries should be mentioned to them
 They should be made aware about the complementary relations of nationalism and
internationalism
 Principle of co-existence must be taught
 Faith in humanity
 Development of virtues like self esteem, self discipline, patience, self confidence, problem
solving capability, responsible behavior, independent judgment and conflict resolution
abilities
 Students should be taught about the positives of other cultures, religions, customs,
traditions, languages and ideologies
 They should be taught about contribution of various cultures in growth and development of
mankind
 World citizenship should be promoted