NURSING THEORY OF HUMAN

CARING

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• Jean Watson's
"Philosophy and
Transpersonal
Caring" mainly
concerns on how
nurses care for their
patients.

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• Jean Watson (June 10, 1940 –
present) is an American nurse
theorist and nursing professor
who is well known for
her “Philosophy and Theory of
Transpersonal Caring.”

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 WRITTEN
N U M E R O U S T E X T,
I N C L U D I N G :
• Nursing: The Philosophy
and Science of Caring
(1979)
• Caring Science as Sacred
Science (2005)

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• Margaret Jean Harmon (Jean
Watson)
• Grew up in Welch, West Virginia

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• Attended and graduated college
Lewis Gale School of Nursing in
Roanoke, Virginia (1961).

• 1964- she earned her Bachelor's

Degree in Nursing.

• 1966- Master of Science in Nursing in

Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.

• 1973- Ph.D. in Educational Psychology

and Counseling.
• All from University of Colorado at
Boulder. 6
• 1961- she married her husband
Douglas

• 1997- lost her left eyesight due to an

accident

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 “Attempting to integrate
these wounds into my life
and work. One of the gifts
through the suffering was
the privilege of experiencing
and receiving my own theory
through the care from my
husband and loving nurse
friends and colleagues.”-
Jean Watson
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In the 1980s, Watson and
colleagues established the Center
for Human Caring at the University
of Colorado

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• 1992- University of Colorado School of
Nursing honored Watson as a distinguished
professor of nursing.
• 1993- National League for Nursing (NLN)
Martha E. Rogers Award.
• 1997- Honorary lifetime certificate.
• 1999- Fetzer Institute’s National Norman
Cousins Award.
• 2010- Honorary Doctor of Sciences in
Nursing.
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 • Watson’s Philosophy and
Science of Caring is concerned
on how nurses express care to
their patients.
• According to Watson, caring is
central to nursing practice, and
promotes health better than a
simple medical cure.

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• According to her theory, caring
can be demonstrated and
practiced by nurses.

• Watson also defined three of the

four metaparadigm concepts in
nursing including person or
human being,
health, and nursing.

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 • In Watson's view, the disease
might be cured, but illness would
remain because, without caring,
health is not attained.

• Watson contends that caring can

assist the person to gain control,
become knowledgeable, and
promote health changes.
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 ASSUMPTIONS

1 Caring can be effectively

demonstrated and practiced only
2 Caring consists of carative factors that
result in the satisfaction of certain
interpersonally.. human needs.

3 Effective caring promotes health and

individual or family growth.
4 Caring responses accept the patient
as he or she is now, as well as what
he or she may become..
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 ASSUMPTIONS

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A caring environment is one that
offers the development of potential
6 A science of caring is
complementary to the science of
while allowing the patient to choose
the best action for him or herself at a curing.
given point in time.

7 The practice of caring is central to

nursing.
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 The Philosophy and
Science of Caring has
MAJOR four major concepts:

CONCEPTS human being, health,

environment or society,
and nursing.

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 J E A N WAT S O N S TAT E S :

“Caring (and nursing) has existed in

every society. Every society has had
some people who have cared for
others. A caring attitude is not
transmitted from generation to
generation by genes. It is transmitted
by the culture of the profession as a
unique way of coping with its
environment.”
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• Human being is a valued person to
be cared for, respected, nurtured,
understood, and assisted; in
general a philosophical view of a
person as a fully functional
integrated self.

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• Health is the unity and harmony
within the mind, body, and soul;
health is associated with the degree
of congruence between the self as
perceived and the self as
experienced. It is defined as a high
level of overall physical, mental, and
social functioning; a general
adaptive-maintenance level of daily
functioning; and the absence of
illness, or the presence of efforts
leading to the absence of illness.
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• Nursing is a human science of
persons and human health-illness
experiences that are mediated by
professional, personal, scientific,
aesthetic and ethical human care
transactions.

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1.Embrace- altruistic
values and practice loving
kindnesswith self and
others
2.Inspire- faith and hope
and honor others.

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3. Trust- self and others
by nurturing individual
beliefs, personal growth
and practices.
4. Nurture- helping,
caring, trusting
relationships.

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5. Forgive- and accept
positive and negative
feelings - authentically
listen to another's story.

6. Deepen- scientific
problem solving methods
for caring decision
making.

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7. Balance- teaching and
learning to address the
inidividual needs,
readiness, and learning
styles.
8. Co-create: a healing
environment for the
physical and spiritual self
which respects human
dignity.

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9. Minister- to basic
physical, emotional, and
spiritual needs.
10. Open- to mistery and
allow miracles to enter.

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 WAT S O N ' S H I E R A R C H Y O F
NEEDS
Within assisting with the gratification of human
needs, Watson’s hierarchy of needs begins
with lower-order biophysical needs or survival
needs, the lower-order psychophysical needs
or functional needs, the higher order
psychosocial needs or integrative needs, and
finally the higher order intrapersonal-
interpersonal need or growth-seeking
need.Watson’s Hierarchy of Needs. 28
 WATSON'S HIERARCHY OF
NEEDS
LOWER ORDER
1 BIOPHYSICAL NEEDS OR
SURVIVAL NEEDS
2 LOWER ORDER
PSYCHOPHYSICAL NEEDS
OR FUNCTIONAL NEEDS
-include the need for food and fluid,
-include the need for activity, inactivity,
elimination, and ventilation.
and sexuality.

HIGHER ORDER HIGHER ORDER

3 PSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS OR
INTEGRATIVE NEEDS
-include the need for achievement, and
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INTRAPERSONAL-
INTERPERSONAL NEED OR
GROWTH-SEEKING NEED
-the need for self-actualization.
affiliation.
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