MARGALLA TOWER

GROUP 1:
1. AKMAL DANIEL BIN NORAIN
2. MUHAMMAD HUZAIFAH BIN MOHAMED RASID
3. MUHAMMAD ARIFF BIN NAZIR
4. MUHAMMAD ISKANDAR IKHWAN BIN MARZUKI
BEFORE & AFTER
INTRODUCTION

• Graphic news of the October 8 earthquake was broken to the world by a picture of
a 12 storey building, Margalla Towers, located in one of the most expensive areas of
the Pakistani capital. A block of the Margalla Towers, the grey concrete building that
greets the visitors approaching Sector F-10 from the Margalla Avenue, has
collapsed, burying most of its occupants under rubble. Surprisingly, and luckily, all
other buildings in the area — and in other areas of the city — managed to
withstand the severe earthquake measuring a staggering 7.6 on the Richter scale
that struck northern Pakistan on Saturday.
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

• Causes of Margalla Tower collapse within construction role

>Using materials in quantities less than that prescribed by the architect
- substandard beams and pillars.
>Did not follow procedure either due to a lack of responsibility or, more likely;
the lure of hefty financial gain.
>The primary cause of frail
unsound structures is the use of defective and substandard building materials by
contractors.
ROLE OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEER
-TO AVOID CONSTRUCTION FROM COLLAPSE
• The material should been use accurate to what architect already described
• Carefully evaluate the structural, electrical, and mechanical condition of each
project.
• Overseeing all the different engineering processes in a construction project is the
primary responsibility of a construction engineer.
-Make sure that all legal regulations are followed
• Bring specific knowledge to construction projects, such as cost control, cost accounting,
and management of project schedules.
- to avoid the hassle of provide enough material while doing the project without
considering the benefits but safety
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

• The construction was builded at a place that high frequency of earthquake. Thus, the
place is not suitable to build a construction but they still do it.
• This sudden movement of the fault releases a great deal of energy, which travels
through the earth in the form of seismic waves. At some time after their generation,
these seismic waves reach the earth's surface, and set it in motion, which is referred
to as "earthquake ground motion". When this earthquake ground motion occurs under
a building and when it is strong enough, it sets the building in motion, starting with the
building's foundation, and transfers the motion throughout the rest of the building in a
complex way.
ROLE OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
• CONDUCTED SPECIFIC GRAVITY/DENSITY TEST FOR ESTIMATING RESERVES
AND MONITORED PIT WALLS SLOPE STABILITY THROUGH DATA OBTAINED
FROM MAPPING, SLOPES AND HIGH WALLS BEFORE CONSTRUCTION.
• INSPECTED CONSTRUCTION TO INCLUDE CONCRETE AND SOIL DENSITY
TESTING, PLACEMENT AND EXCAVATION OF FOUNDATION-BEARING
EARTHWORK, PILE DRIVING, AND PREPARATION OF ENGINEERING REPORTS.
• ASSISTED WITH CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS TESTING SERVICES AND VERIFY
THE ACCURACY OF SURVEY DATA, MEASUREMENTS, AND CALCULATIONS
CONDUCTED AT SURVEY SITES.
STRUCTURE ENGINEERING
• lies in the structural design and construction of the building
• most Pakistani engineers only employ "shear walls" which are supposed to
resist lateral forces and keep the building stiff
• "shear walls" in regions with high seismic activity like Japan or Turkey (or
Islamabad) are not enough to make a building earthquake-resistant
• Making a building earthquake-resistant entails extra cost
• No check and verify whether the design of building is safe against
earthquake
• Not do calculating about loads
ROLE OF STRUCTURE ENGINEER

• Calculating the loads and stresses the construction will have to safely
withstand
• Before work can begin, structural engineers are involved in the investigation
and survey of build sites to determine the suitability of the earth for the
requirements of the upcoming project
• Selecting appropriate construction materials
WATER ENGINEERING
• Unchecked seepage from an underground water-tank constructed just two
meters away from the foundation-bed had caused the Margalla Towers
collapse on October 8
• "The seepage of underground water tank, measuring 40x40 with 8 feet
depth, damaged the foundation-bed and weakened the main eastern pillars
supporting the tower, causing collapse of the building in initial jolts of the
quake
• They never gave it a serious thought before the construction begin.
ROLE OF WATER RESOURCES ENGENEERING

• must create new equipment and systems to increase the effectiveness and
efficiency of water treatment and aquatic resource management.
• involves the analysis of data from relevant areas, then designing new or
improved facilities to enhance the cleansing effects of the water treatment
system.
• must take budgetary constraints, government regulations, and other factors
into consideration when designing these systems