it would be our utmost pleasure to

express our sincere thanks to my

chemistry teacher Mr. Ajith
Jacob in providing a helping
hand in this project. His valuable
guidance, support and
supervision all through this
project are responsible for
attaining its present form. I
would also like to thank out lab
assistant for her assistance in
helping us complete this project

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
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PROJECT
 AIM

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
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PROJECT
• Formation and structure
• Urea-formaldehyde resins, as a
group, are formed by a step-
growth polymerization reaction
that can be either acid- or base-
catalyzed.
• Urea is reactive towards
formaldehyde at
the ortho and para sites (sites 2, 4
and 6) allowing up to 3 units of
formaldehyde to attach to the ring.
The initial reaction is formation of
a hydroxymethyl Urea:
• HOC6H5 + CH2O →
HOC6H4CH2OH
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
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PROJECT
• The hydroxymethyl group can react
with either another free ortho or para
site, or with another hydroxymethyl
group. The first reaction gives
a methylene bridge, and the second
forms an ether bridge:

• HOC6H4CH2OH + HOC6H5 →
(HOC6H4)2CH2 + H2O

• The diUrea (HOC6H4)2CH2 is

called bisUrea-F. BisUrea-F can
further link generating tri- and tetra-
and higher Urea oligomers.

• 2 HOC6H4CH2OH →
(HOC6H4CH2)2O + H2O
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
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PROJECT
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
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PROJECT
UREA FORMALDEHYDE
RESIN
(BAKELITE)

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
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PROJECT
• Beaker
• Urea
• Conc. HCl
• Dropper
• Water
• Rod
• Filter paper
• Formaldehyde
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
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PROJECT
• Urea resins are condensation
polymerization products of
Ureaic derivatives with
aldehyde such as
formaldehyde.
• Most important member of
this class is Bakelite, Urea
formaldehyde resin.
• Its prepared by condensing
Urea with formaldehyde in the
presence of acidic or basic
catalyst.
CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
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PROJECT
• Take 5 ml of glacial acetic acid
and 2.5 ml of 40% formaldehyde
in a beaker.
• Add 2.5g of Urea into it.
• Cover the beaker with watch glass
or filter paper.
• Add few drops of HCl to it and
place it on hot plate.
• Pinkish-yellow mass will be
formed in the beaker.
• Wash, dry and weigh the product
formed.
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PROJECT
• Pinkish-yellow mass i.e. Urea
formaldehyde (Bakelite) is
yielded.

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PROJECT
• The reaction is sometimes
vigorous, and it is better to be
little away from the beaker while
adding conc. HCl.
• Urea should be stirred in the
formaldehyde solution for at least
10 mints to make it a saturated
solution.
• Conc. hydrochloric acid should be
added drop wise carefully.

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
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PROJECT