CONSTRUCTIVE THEORY

(CONSTRUCTIVISM)
Prepared by: Zjem Kisha R. Arigo, RPm
 A theory of knowledge,
learning and teaching

CONSTRUCTIVISM
Based on the idea that
humans actively
construct new
understandings.
FIVE BASIC THEMES OF CONSTRUCTIVISM:
Social–Symbolic
Active Agency Processes

Dynamic Dialectical
Ordering Processes Development

Selfhood or Personal Identity

 COGNITIVE
CONSTRUCTIVISM
SOCIAL
CONSTRUCTIVISM
COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTIVISM

Jean Piaget
 Born in Neuchâtel,
Switzerland
 August 9, 1896
 SCHEMA
According to Schema
Theory:
Learning occurs by the active
process of
Assimilation

Accommodation
Assimilation

Existing Schema
or
New Schema
 Adapt Existing
Schemas
Accommodation
Reconcile
Cognitive
Dissonance
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM

Lev
Vygotsky
 Russian Psychologist
 Father of Social
Constructivism
2 TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE:

Spontaneous Scientific
Concept Concept
 ZONE OF PROXIMAL
DEVELOPMENT
The difference between a
child’s independent potential
and his/her potential with
assistance
THERAPEUTIC PROCESS Therapeutic Goals
Seeks to explore the search for meaning
and the ways people relate to the world.
Exploration of the meaning people assign to
experiences
Acknowledgment that thoughts and beliefs
affect feelings
Encouragement (on the part of the
therapist) of people in therapy to be active
participants in the change process
Therapist’s Function and FACILITATOR
Role OF CHANGE
 Facilitate and guide sessions
 Help recognize patterns and break free
of them in order to create change
 Pay close attention to exactly how a
person has used life experiences to relate
to current circumstances
 Utilize techniques such as
journaling, guided imagery, and
sensory awareness exercises.
Client’s Experience in the
Therapy
Reorganizing and reconstructing reality

Adopt a new form of identity in the process.

Better understand existential concepts and questions.

Find patterns and create meanings

Active Agent
Relationship Between Therapist And
Client
COLLABORATIVE
PARTICIPANTS
 Therapeutic Techniques And Procedures
• The emphasis is on the client's
SOLUTION-FOCUSED

strengths and solutions that may

I
BRIEF THERAPY
already be available to them.

• Goal-oriented Therapy
II
• Counselor ask specific
types of question
III
EMOTIONALLY FOCUSED THERAPY
Emphasizes the importance of a safe and secure
emotional bond with another.
STAGES

Stage One: Stage Two: Stage Three:

Cycle De- Changing Consolidation
escalation Interaction and
Patterns Integration
NARRATIVE THERAPY
Helps bring forth preferred realities of clients and
enables them to essentially re-author their lives.
“Re-authoring” or “Re-storying”
Externalization Technique
Deconstruction Technique
Unique Outcomes Technique
Existentialism
Constructivism in mental
health
offers a great deal of
hope and optimism.

THANK YOU!
REFERENCES:
David L, "Constructivism," in Learning Theories, June 20, 2015. Retrieved: https://www.learning-
theories.com/constructivism.html.

Festinger L. [1957] 1985. A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Constructivism in Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2019. About, Inc. (Dotdash)

Caddell, J. 2019. Retrieved https://www.verywellmind.com/constructivism-and-psychotherapy-

2337730

Antin, L.2007-2009. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT).GoodTherapy, LLC.

Wiebe SA, Johnson SM. A review of the research in emotionally focused therapy for couples. Family
Process. September 2016.

The International Centre for Excellence in Emotionally Focused Therapy (ICEEFT). Retrieved:
https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/emotionally-focused-therapy
Ackerman, Courtney. June 2017. 19 Narrative Therapy Techniques, Interventions + Worksheets
[PDF]. Updated July 2019.