There is no elevator to

success; we have to
climb to stairs.
Anonymous
Agricultural Engineering Board Review

College of Agriculture

Mindanao State University

Fatima, General Santos City

VIRGILIO ATANOZA RAMOS, MSME, RME

College of Engineering
 REFRIGERATION
 and
AIR-CONDITIONING
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Deals with the quality of energy (energy degradation).
There are two classical statements of this law:

Kelvin-Planck Statement:
TH
It is impossible to construct a
Device operating in a cycle QH
with sole effect of which is the
raising of a weight and D W
the exchange of heat
with a single reservoir
IMPOSSIBLE
Clausius Statement
TH
It is impossible to construct a QH
device
operating in a cycle with sole effect
of which is the transfer of heat
from low temperature reservoir to QL
a high temperature reservoir.
TL

IMPOSSIBLE
 INTRODUCTION

• Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from a

substance or space bringing its temperature below
that of the ambient at the expense of external
source of energy.

• Comfort airconditioning is the process of treating air by

controlling simultaneously its temperature,
humidity, cleanliness, and distribution to meet the
comfort requirements of the occupants of the
conditioned space. Airconditioning, therefore,
includes heating, e.g., in cold areas during winter.
 t2 (Evaporating
Liquid Line Temperature)
4 Q1 P
Hot Gas
4 t1 (Condensing
Temperature)

1 Condenser 3W4
E.V. 1 4
Evaporator Compressor

2 3
2 3
2Q3 h
Refrigeration Systems

1. Vapor Compression System

Compressor

Condenser
2. Multi-Pressure System

Condenser P
35°C

11
1 (sat)
Evaporator 3 10
32°F
2 43 tons 1 11

9 3 ,10
High-stage 5 2 8
compressor
Intercooler and 4 9
Flash tank

4
5 8
6 7

Evaporator
-40°F
6 71 tons 7
h
Low-Stage
Compressor
3. Absorption Refrigeration System
 An absorption refrigerator is a refrigerator
that uses a heat source (e.g., solar, kerosene-
fueled flame, waste heat from factories or district
heating systems) to provide the energy needed to
drive the cooling system.

Absorption refrigerators are a popular

alternative to regular compressor refrigerators
where electricity is unreliable, costly, or
unavailable, where noise from the compressor is
problematic, or where surplus heat is available
(e.g., from turbine exhausts or industrial
processes, or from solar plants).
4. Thermo-Electric System
 Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create
a heat flux between the junction of two different types of
materials. A Peltier cooler, heater, or thermoelectric heat
pump is a solid-state active heat pump which transfers heat
from one side of the device to the other, with consumption of
electrical energy, depending on the direction of the current.
Such an instrument is also called a Peltier device, Peltier
heat pump, solid state refrigerator, or thermoelectric cooler
(TEC).

The Peltier device is a heat pump: when direct current

runs through it, heat is moved from one side to the other.
Therefore it can be used either for heating or for cooling
(refrigeration), although in practice the main application is
cooling. It can also be used as a temperature controller that
either heats or cools
5. Air-Cycle Refrigeration System
 An air cycle machine (ACM) is the
refrigeration unit of the environmental control
system (ECS) used in pressurized gas turbine-
powered aircraft.

Normally an aircraft has two or three of these

ACM. Each ACM and its components are often
referred as an air conditioning pack. The air cycle
cooling process uses air instead of a phase changing
material such as Freon in the gas cycle.

No condensation or evaporation of a
refrigerant is involved, and the cooled air output
from the process is used directly for cabin
ventilation or for cooling electronic equipment.
6. Steam Jet Refrigeration System
Principle of steam jet refrigeration system

Steam is passed through a vacuum ejector

of high efficiency to exhaust a separate, closed
vessel which forms part of a cooling water
circuit.

The partial vacuum in the vessel causes

some of the water to evaporate, thus giving up
heat through evaporative cooling.

The chilled water is pumped through the

circuit to air coolers, while the evaporated water
from the ejector is recovered in separate
condensers and returned to the cooling circuit
 Review
Problems
a) Brazing
b) Flaring
c) Joining
d) Swaging
e) welding
a) Air handling unit
b) Compressor assembly
c) Condensing unit
d) Hermatic assembly
e) Vapor compression system
http://www.ehow.com/facts_5030
031_condensing-unit.html
a. Actual work
b. Flow rate
c. Net work
d. Performance factor
e. Power of refrigeration
 t2 (Evaporating
Temperature)
P
a. Evaporator heat transfer t1 (Condensing
Temperature)
b. Refrigerating capacity
c. Refrigerating effect 1 4
d. Refrigerating load
e. System capacity
2 3
h
h3-h2
 CHClF2
a. Ammonia
b. Sulfur dioxide
c. Dichlorodifluoromethane
d. Monochlorodifluoromethane
e. Trichlorodifluoromethane
 T

a) 0
TH = 30°C
b) 0.099
TL = 0°C
c) 0.101 s

d) 0.11 COP = TL/(TH - TL ) = (0+273.15)/(30) = 9.105

COP = refrigerating effect/work input

e) 0.91
work input = refrigerating effect/ COP
work input = 0.109(refrigerating effect)
 T

a) -45.8
TH = 45°C
b) -25.8
TL = ?
c) 0
s
d) 12.9 COP = TL/(TH - TL ) = (TL +273.15)/(45- TL) = 3.5

e) 35.0 TL = [3.5 (45) – 273.15]/4.5 = -25.7

a) 1 kW 1 ton of ref = 200 Btu/min
1 Btu = 1.05506 kJ
b) 3.52 kW
1 ton of ref = (200)(1.05506 )/60
c) 4.14 kW
1 ton of ref = 3.51867 kW
d) 1.000 kg
e) 2,000 lb
a) 0
b) 0.11 (SAME AS IN PROB. 6)
c) .88
d) 1.0
e) 9.10
 T

a) 0.77 TH
b) 0.82 TL

c) 1.22 s

COP = TL/(TH - TL ) = 4.5

d) 1.28
TL = 4.5 (TH - TL )
e) 4.5 TH / TL = 1.22222
a) 0.5 COP = TL/(TH - TL ) = (-40+273.15)/[40- (-40)]

b) 0 COP = 2.91438
c) 3.0
d) 5.0
e) 7.0
 T
a) compression work
b) heat of absorption
c) heat of rejection
Work
d) coefficient of performance TL
e) performance coefficient s
a) R-11
b) R-12
c) R-22
d) R-134a
e) R-501
a) 0.0135 q
q
b) 0.736
c) 0.136 q = Ak Δt/Δx

d) 0.269 1” k = 0.115 W/m-K

e) 0.296 q = (4)(8)(0.305)2(0.115)(20)/[0.0254(1)(1000)]

q = 0.26955
a) 0.142 k = 0.7 W/m-°C
hi = 9.3 W/m2-°C
b) 0.285 ho = 30 W/m2-°C

c) 3.5
d) 6.89 4”
e) 7.04
U= 1/(1/ho + x/k + 1/hi) = 1/[1/9.3 + (4)(0.0254)/0.7 + 1/30)]

U = 3.49647 W/m2-°C
a) Fenestration
b) Infiltration
c) Latent heat
d) Respiration heat
e) Sensible heat
 mi [qf + cvw(Δtw)] = mpCvp(Δtp)
a) 0.4
mi = mp Cvp(Δtp)/ [qf + cvw(Δtw)]
b) 0.7
c) 1.0 mi = 3.8(4.23)(16)/[344 + 4.19(4)]

d) 2.5 mi = 3.8(4.23)(16)/[344 + 4.19(4)]

e) 3.5 mi = 0.712895
a) 133.5 q = mw [Cvi(Δti)+ qf + cvw(Δtw)]
b) 335 q = (1)[1.94(4)+ 335 + 4.19(30)]
c) 401
d) 468.5 q = 468.46 kJ
E0 477.5
a) 12.4 ref capacity = q/t = 468.46/[3(3600)]
b) 37.2 ref capacity = 0.043376 kW
c) 43.4
d) 156.2
e) 235.1
a) 0°C (-3 -3 -0.5)/3 = Tfreezing
b) -0.5°C
c) -1.75°C
d) -2.2°C
e) -3°C
a) 4,522 q = mb [Cv (Δtb)]

b) 5,814 q = 100 [3.23 (14)]

c) 23,300
q = 4,522 kJ
d) 29,114
e) 32,470
a) Heat latent component
b) Moisture content
c) Relative humidity
d) Sensible heat component
e) Specific heat
a) 10 percent of the total ref load
b) Less than a quarter of the total ref load
c) Half of the fenestration load
d) More than half of total ref load
e) The entire refrigeration load
a) Density factor
b) Doorway flow factor
c) Doorway open-time factor
d) Effectiveness of doorway
e) Heat gain ratio
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 20
e) 50
a) Banana
b) Eggplant
C) Melons
d) Tomato
e) Strawberries
a) Ambient temperature
b) Just above freezing
c) At freezing point
d) Just below freezing
e) At low freezing temperature
a) Chilling injury
b) Dehydration
c) At freezing point
d) Deterioration
e) Shivering injury
a) Anemometer
b) Humidistat
c) Manometer
d) Psychrometer
e) Thermostat
a) -2 to o°C
b) 0 to 2°C
c) 2 to 4°C
d) 4 to 6°C
e) 6 to 8°C
31. Seeds generally benefit from low temperatures and low
humidity storage. High temperatures and high
humidity favor loss of
a) Dry matter weight
b) Moisture
c) Nutrients
d) Total weight
e) viability

32. The heart of the vapor compression system is

a) compressor
b) condenser
c) evaporator
d) Expansion valve
e) refrigerant
33. The motor, compressor and condenser may be compactly mounted
on the same frame and located remotely from the expansion valve
and evaporator. The system is often called

a) Air handling unit

b) Compressor unit
c) Condensing unit
d) Fan unit
e) Motor unit

34. A reasonably accurate statement of where the compressors are

used can be based on their refrigerating capacity. Reciprocating
compressors dominate from very small refrigerating capacities to

a) About 0.3 kW
b) About 3 kW
c) About 30 kW
d) About 300 kW
e) About 3000 kW
35. R-134a compressor has a 5 percent clearance volume and
a displacement rate of 80 L/s and pumps against a
condensing temperature of 40°C and a evaporating
temperature of 10°C . The refrigerant flow rate, in kg/s,
is then
a) 0.037 b) 0.37 c) 0.5
d) 0.7 e) 1.53
MPa

1.0171 1 40°C 4
m3v3 = ƞv(PD)
PD = 80 L/s = 0.08 m3/s v3
0.4158 10°C
v3 = 0.049451 m3/kg = vg @ 10°C 2 3
1/k
Ƞv = [1 + C - C(P4/P3) ]
1/1.07567
Ƞv = [1 + 0.05 - 0.05(1.0171/0.4158) ]
kJ/kg
Ƞv = 0.93515

m3 = 0.93515(0.08)/0.049451 = 1.53 kg/s

36.The required rate of heat transfer in the condenser is
predominantly a function of the refrigerating capacity
and the temperatures of evaporation and
condensation. The condenser must reject both the
energy absorbed by the evaporator and the heat
compression added by the compressor. The ratio of the
rate of heat rejected at condenser to the rate of heat
absorbed at evaporator is called

a) capacity control
b) coefficient of performance
c) discharge to suction heat ratio
d) fin effectiveness
e) heat-rejection ratio
37. A condenser manufacturer guarantees the U value under
operating conditions to be 900 W/m2-K based on the water side-
area. In order to allow fouling of the tubes, what is the U value
required when the condenser leaves the factory?
a) 1070 W/m2-K d) 1300 W/m2-K
b) 100 W/m2-K e) 5680 W/m2-K
c) 1200 W/m2-K

38-39. A condenser is to transfer 60 kW with an air flow rate of

15 kg/s entering at 25 °C and a condensing temperature of 45°C
Air @ 15 kg/s and 25 °C

45°C

45°C

Exit Air
38. The exit temperature, in Celsius, is

a) 26 d) 29
b) 27 e) 30
c) 28

For air:

q= ma Cp (Tea – Tia) = 15(1.00)( Tea – 25)

q= latent heat of vaporization at 45°C = 60 kW
Tea = (60/ maCp) + Tia

Tea = [60/(15x1.00) + 25

Tea = 29 °C
39. The mean logarithmic temperature difference is

a) 10.88 °C d) 283.88 °C
b) 17.92 °C e) 4894.8 °C
c) 39.0°C

a b
45 °C 45 °C
16 °C
20 °C 29 °C
25 °C

Δtm = (Δta – Δtb)/ ln (Δta/ Δtb)

Δtm = (20 – 16)/ ln (20/ 16)

Δtm = 17.92576 °C
40-42 . The following properties of water are at 10 °C:
μ = 0.00131 Pa-s; ρ = 1000 kg/m3; k = 0.573 W/m-K; Cp = 4190
J/kg-K. Consider an evaporator with water at 10 °C flowing
inside the tubes (8 mm ID) with velocity of 2 m/s.

40. The Reynolds number is

a) 763 d) 763358
b) 1527 e) 1526717
c) 12214

Re = ρDV/ μ = 1000(0.008)(2)/0.00131

Re = ρDV/ μ = 12213.7
41. The Prandtl number is
a) 0.1 d) 5.0
b) 0.7 e) 9.6
c) 1.0

Pr = Cp μ /k = 4190(0.00131)/ 0.573 = 9.579

42. The Nusselt number is
a) 1 d) 1000
b) 10 e) 10000
c) 100
Dittus-Boelter equation
0.8 n
Nu = [0.023(Re) ]x (Pr) ; n = 0.4 for heating, n= 0.3 for cooling.
0.8 0.3
Nu = [(0.023)(12214) ]x (9.6)

Nu = 84.3132
43. A mixture of two substances which cannot be separated
into its components by distillation is called

a) azeotrope d) refrigerant
b) hydrocarbon e) solution
c) ozone

44.The halocarbon group includes refrigerants which

contains one or more of the three halogen chlorine,
fluorine, and bromine. Monochlorodifluoromethane,
CHClF2, has numerical designation as

a) R-11 d) R-134a
b) R-12 e) R-501
c) R-22
45. An compressible fluid passes through the compressor
with an isentropic efficiency less than 100 percent.
Compared to the ideal compressor, the work required to
generate the compression is

a) less d) R-501
b) greater e) greater than or equal
c) equal

46. An incompressible liquid flows through a pipe of

constant diameter. Because of frictional resistance to
flow, the exit pressure is lower than the entrance
pressure. The velocity change is therefore

a) positive d) may be positive, negative or zero

b) negative e) may be positive or negative, but not zero
c) zero
Note: AV = constant; continuity equation
47. Which of the following can reduce economically the
refrigeration requirements of the storage space and
prevent condensation of the exterior?
a) Double glazing of windows
b) Increasing compressor capacity
c) Providing drains
d) Insulating the walls

48. An operation which consists of drawing a mixture of

refrigeration vapor and noncondensibles from the
condenser, separating the refrigerant, and discharging
the noncondensibles is called

a) frosting d) purging
b) condensing e) subcooling
c) priming
49. In a throttling device, the enthalpy in the direction of flow
a) decreases exponentially d) increase linearly
b) decrease linearly e) increases exponentially
c) remains constant

50. An expansion device which allows the pressure in the system

to equalize during the off-cycle is called
a) capillary tube d) constant-pressure expansion valve
b) float valve e) superheat-controlled expansion valve
c) thermostatic expansion valve

51. A process of examining how one variable in a refrigerating

system , or any system for that matter, is affected by a change in
another variable and parameter of the system is called
a) mathematical analysis d) successive substitution
b) performance trend e) system simulation
c) sensitivity analysis
52. A phenomenon in a capillary flow where further reduction in
pressure differential fails to increase the flow rate of the
refrigerant is called
a) capillary flow d) supersonic flow
b) choked flow e) transonic flow
c) subsonic flow

53-55. Supposing that in a certain area the temperature is 34°C,

relative humidity is 65 percent and barometric pressure is 101.3
kPa. Assume further:
Saturation pressure at 34°C = 5.318 kPa
Specific heat of dry air = 1.006 kJ/kg-K
Enthalpy of saturated steam at 34°C = 2563.6 kJ/kg
Gas constant of dry air = 287 J/kg-K
Gas constant of water vapor = 461.5 J/kg-K
Do not use the psychrometric chart!
 53. The humidity ratio, in decimal, is
a) 0.012 d) 0.027
b) 0.017 e) 0.032
c) 0.022

Ø = Pw/Pws = 0.65 So that, Pw= 0.65Pws = 0.65(5.318)= 3.4567 kPa

W = 0.622 Pw/(P- Pw) = 0.622(3.4567)/(101.3 – 3.4567)

W = 0.021975
54. The enthalpy, in kJ/kg, is
a) 90 d) 120
b) 100 e) 130
c) 110

h = Cpat + Whg = 1.0035(34) + 0.022(2563.6)

h = 90.52 kJ/kg
55. The specific volume of the air-vapor mixture in cubic meter/kg
is
a) 0.86 d) 0.89
b) 0.87 e) 0.90
c) 0.88

v = (RaT/P)(1 + 1.608W)
v = [(0.287)(34+273.15)][1 + 1.608(0.022)]/101.3 = 0.901

56. When in the refrigerator, food is best wrapped in

a) aluminum foil d) glass

b) cardboard e) paper
c) china ware
 57. When unlike metals are formed together on one end and then
heated on the fastened end, electrical current flow due to the
difference in the temperature in the two ends of the device.
This is the basic principle of the temperature sensor called
a) bellow d) thermocouple
b) heat anticipator e) thermostat
c) thermistor

58-59 The outer-facing of the room is constructed from 25 cm

brick, 2.5 cm mortar, 10 cm of limestone ( k = 0.186 W/m-
K) and 1.2 cm plaster ( k= 0.096 W/m-K). Thermal
conductivities of mortar and brick are both 0.52 W/m-K.
Assume that the heat transfer coefficients on the inside
(plaster side) and outside (brick side) surfaces of the wall to
2
be 6 and 12 W/m -K, respectively.
 x1 x2 x3 x4

k2 k3 k4
q
q

(Limestone)
(mortar)
k1

(Plaster)
ho hi
(brick)

58. Calculate the overall coefficient of heat transfer

a) 0.0197 d) 1.44
b) 0.6937 e) 50.74
c) 0.8393
U = 1/(1/ho + x1/k1 + x2/k2 + x3/k3 + x4/k4 + 1/hi)

U = 1/(1/12 + 0.25/0.52 + 0.025/0.52 + 0.1/0.186 + 0.012/0.096 + 1/6)

U = 0.693731
 2
59. Calculate the rate of heat transfer (W) per 10 m of the wall
surface from the room at 18°C to the outside air at 36°C.
a) 3.5 d) 259.2
b) 124.9 e) 9133.2
c) 151.1

q= AUΔT = 10(0.693731)(36-18) = 124.872 W

60. Twenty three hundred liters of partially frozen ice cream at -
4°C enter a hardening room each day. Hardening is completed
and the temperature of ice cream is lowered to - 28°C in 10
hours. The average density of ice cream is 0.6 kg/L, the average
latent heat per kg is 233 kJ . Assume Cp above freezing is 0.7
cal/g-°C, Cp below freezing is 0.39 cal/g-°C and freezing points
is – 5.6°C. 1 cal is equal to 4.18 J. The product load in kW is
a) 9.5 d) 12.5
b) 10.5 e) 13.5
c) 11.5
0. 7 cal/g-°C x 1000x 4.18/1000 = 2.926 kJ/kg-°C = Cpaf

0. 39 cal/g-°C x 1000x 4.18/1000 = 1.6302 kJ/kg-°C = Cpbf

q = ρν [Cpaf(5.6 - 4) + Cpbf (28 - 5.6) + hic]/(10x3600)
q = (0.6)(2300) [2.926(5.6 - 4) + 1.6302(28 - 5.6) + 233]/(10x3600)

Q = 10.5109 kW
61-62. Water at the rate 68 kg/min is heated from 35°C to 75°C by
an oil having a specific heat of 1.9 kJ/kg-°C. The fluids are used
in counterflow double-pipe heat exchanger, and the refrigerant
enters the heat exchanger at 110°C and leaves at 75°C. The
overall heat-transfer coefficient is 320 W/m2 -°C

61. The total heat transfer, in kW, from the energy absorbed by
the water is
a) 11.4 d) 647
b) 64.7 e) 2720
c) 189.5

q = mCpΔT = (68/60)(4.19)(75-35) = 189.947 kW

62. The log mean temperature difference, in Celsius, is calculated
to be
a) 35.0 d) 38.4
b) 36.4 e) 40
c) 37.4

110

75 75

35
B
A

ΔTm = (ΔTA - ΔTB )/ln(ΔTA / ΔTB ) = (40-35)/ln(40/35)

ΔTm = 37.444 °C
Anatole France
Additional Review
Items
 1. In refrigeration, how do you call a heat exchanger in which low-
pressure refrigerant boils or vaporizes, thus absurbing heat
that was removed from the refrigerated area by the cooling
medium (water)?
a) Evaporator d) Chiller
b) Cooler e) Flooded Evaporator
c) Condenser

Inlet Water

Heat Exchanger
Refrigerant in
(Chiller)

Vapor Refrigerant out

Exit Water as
Cooling Medium (Chilled Water)
2. It is a type of refrigeration system where only part of the
circulated refrigerant is evaporated, with the remainder being
separated from the vapor and then recirculated. How do you
call this system?
a) Absorption refrigeration system
b) Vacuum refrigeration system
c) Vapor-compression refrigeration system
d) Flooded refrigeration system

Vapor

Liquid
3. How do you call the ice formation on a refrigeration system at
the expansion device, making the device inoperative?
a) Ice formation d) Freeze-up
b) Freezing e) Pump-down
c) Evaporator accumulation

Evaporating pressure (suction pressure) below zero degree Celsius : start ice formation &
termed as “FEEZE –UP)
4. What is the clearance volumetric efficiency of an
ammonia compressor designed with 4% clearance and
operating between condenser temperature of 30˚C
(Psat = 1.1672 MPa) and evaporating temperature 0f 4˚C
(Psat = 497.48 kPa)?
a) 93.61% b) 98.68% c) 96.30%
d) 96.83% e) 93.61%
MPa

1.1672 1 30°C 4

0.49748 4°C
2 3
1/k
Ƞv = [1 + C - C(P4/P3) ]
1/1.297
Ƞv = [1 + 0.04 - 0.04(1.1672/0.49748) ]x 100
Ƞv ≈ 96.30 kJ/kg
5. In the absorption refrigeration system, it is the inlet part
of the condenser, cooled by a separate circuit of cooling
water or strong aqua. It condenses a small part of the
vapor leaving the bubble column and returns it as a
liquid to the top of baffle plate. This ensures that the
vapor going to condenser is lowered in temperature
and enriched in ammonnia. What is this component?
a) Reflux b) Analyzer c) Absorber
d) Rectifier e) Evaporator
6. It is a refrigeration system evaporator which is arranged with a
tank or a single drum (accumulator) located above the coil so
that the inside of the evaporator is full of refrigerant. How do
you call this evaporator?
a) Hooded evaporator
b) Dry evaporator
c) Cooling coil evaporator
d) Flooded evaporator

Vapor

Liquid
7. What is a thermostat?
a) A temperature-operated switch
b) A pressure –operated switch
c) A superheat-operated switch
d) A back pressure-operated switch

Sensor at the evaporator

surface
Thermostat

Lowest temperature setting at

which refrigerator shall
switch-off
8. Refrigeration condensers are rated based upon their ability to
reject the total heat that comes from which of the following?
a) Compressor work and net refrigerating effect
b) Superheating
4Q 1
c) Subcooling
d) Compressor work 4
Condenser
1 3W4

MPa E.V. Compressor

1.1672 1 30°C 4
Evaporator
2 3

0.49748 4°C
2 3
2Q3

Compressor Work
2Q3 + 3W4 = 4Q1

net refrigerating
effect
8b. About 3 hp per ton of refrigeration is required to maintain a
temperature of -40°C in a refrigerator. If the refrigerator works
on the reverse Carnot cycle, what is the heat rejected to the
sink per ton of refrigeration.
a) 81.61 kW d) 60 kCal/min
b) 81.61 kCal/min
c) 816.1 kW

4Q1 First Law of thermodynamics:

4 2Q3 + 3W4 = 4Q1
Condenser
1 3W4 2Q3 = 1 TOR = 50 kCal/min

Compressor 3W4 = 3 hp = 3(10.53kCal/min) = 31.6 kCal/min

E.V.
Therefore,
Evaporator 4Q1 = 81.6 kCal/min
2 3

System boundary
2Q3
9. It is a humidity sensor used to measure relative humidity, dew
point, or absolute humidity of ambient or moving air. This
device could be mechanical or electronic. How do you call this?
a) Hydrometer
b) Psychrometer
c) Hygrometer
d) Barometer

Hydrometer
10. What do you call a refrigeration system in which the
refrigerant gas evolved in the evaporator is taken up in an
absorber and released in a generator upon the application of
heat?
a) Absorption refrigeration system
b) Cascade refrigeration system
c) Flooded refrigeration system
d) Steam jet refrigeration system
11. A residential refrigerator is similar in purpose and operation to
a commercial _________________ .
a) Walk-in
b) Reach-in
c) Display case
d) Self service display case

12. Which of the following is not a category of refrigeration

applications?
a) Domestic refrigeration
b) Commercial refrigeration
c) Industrial refrigeration
d) Transportation refrigeration
 13. Wrapping and refrigerating food products extends the storage
life of
a) Meat
b) Fruits
c) Vegetables
d) All of the above

14. The estimated storage life of fresh strawberries is _______ .

a) 5 to 7 weeks
b) 1 to 3 weeks
c) 7 to 10weeks
d) None of the above

The optimum storage temperature for strawberries in the home is 32° to 36°F (0°to 2°C).

Strawberries can only be stored for up to 7 days under optimum conditions, and that shelf
life also depends on how ripe the fruit was when purchased or picked.
15. Frozen storage chamber temperature set points are usually
____.
a) 5 degree F
b) 0 degree C
c) -20.5 degree C
d) a and

15. An evaporator in a refrigerating unit makes use of which heat

transfer modes?
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) All of the above
16. Boyle’s Law states that pressure and volume changes in gas
process are ____________ related.
a) Directly
b) Not
c) Inversely
d) Ideally
17. A smaller temperature difference between the refrigerant in
the liquid line and that in the evaporator __________ the mass
flow rate of refrigerant needed per ton of refrigeration.
a) Increases
b) Remains the same
c) Decreases
d) Decreases by 10%
Ton of ref = m3(h3-h2)
MPa
Ton of ref = m3’(h3’-h2’)
P1 1 4’4
But, (h3’-h2’) > h3-h2
2’ 3’
Therefore,
p2
h3 – h2 2 3 m3’ < m3

h3’ – h2’
h
18. Pressure drop causes the saturation temperature of the fluid
to _________________.
a) Increases
b) Remains the same
c) Decreases
d) Decreases by 10%

MPa

2
p2
3

h
19. A disadvantage of sharp freezing is the
a) Increase in juice losses due to thawing
b) Increase in the size of the ice crystals that form in the
food
c) Decrease in the quality experienced by the food during
freezing
d) All of the above

20. Subcooling increases the ___________ of a refrigeration cycle.

a) Capacity
b) Mass flow rate 1’ 1 4
c) Refrigerating effect
d) Volume flow rate 2’
2 3
21. Which of the following liquid-chilling evaporator types
incorporates crossflow heat exchanger?
a) Double-pipe
b) Shell-and-tube
c) Baudelot
d) Flooded chiller barrel

Baudelot evaporator
22. A device that passes air through dense spray of recirculating
water
a) Absorbent
b) Air washer
c) Cooling tower
d) Spray nozzle
23. The mass of water sprayed to the mass of air passing through
the air washer per unit time.
a) Humidity load
b) Spray ratio
c) Water vapor
d) Circulation ratio
24. In a cooling tower, the water passes over a staggered slats or
interior fill, also known as
a) Shredding
b) Packing
c) Cellular
d) Polyvinyl
25. The temperature determined from the intersection of the
condition line and the saturation line on the psychrometric
chart
a) Apparatus dew point
b) Wet bulb temperature
c) Wet bulb temperature
d) Saturation temperature

Dew point
temperature
26. In a ________ cooling tower, the air moves horizontally
through the files as water moves downward.
a) Cross-flow
b) Counter-flow
c) Parallel flow
d) Double-flow

CROSS FLOW
27. By subcooling the refrigerant in refrigeration system,
the compressor work per unit mass
a) increases b) remains the same
c) decreasese d) none of the above

Pressure Sub-cooling increases the

refrigerating effect but
1 T1 4 maintains the
P1
compressor work.

P2 T2
2 3

Enthalpy
28. By subcooling the refrigerant in refrigeration system,
the specific volume at compressor suction will
a) increases b) remains the same
c) decreasese d) none of the above

Pressure Sub-cooling increases the

refrigerating effect but
1 T1 4 the specific volume ,v3, at
P1
compressor suction
remains the same.
T2 v3
P2
2 3

Enthalpy
29. Pressure loss due to friction at the condenser, the
compressor power per unit mass will
a) increases b) remains the same
c) decreasese d) none of the above

Pressure Pressure drop at the

condenser may cause
1 T1 4 mixture of liquid & vapor
P1
refrigerant as it enters the
expansion vale causing
Pressure v3 sluggish flow.
P2 T2
drop at the 3
condenser
2 However, compressor
work will remain the
same.

Enthalpy
30. Which of the following is not a type of air-cooled
condenser?
a) Shell - & -tube b) Natural draft
c) Forced draft d) induced draft
Try to not become
a MAN OF SUCCESS,
but try rather to
become a MAN OF
VALUEs.
-Albert Einstein
Whatever the mind of man
can conceive and believe, it
can be achieved.
Anonymous