CANAL DROP

DESIGN A CANAL DROP OF TRAPEZOIDAL

NOTCH WITH THE FOLLOWING DATA
SL
SL 0HHHH
HYDRAULIC PARTICULARS UPSTREAM OF DOWNSTREAM
SLSL
NO. OF THE CANAL THE DROP OF THE DROP
Fully supply discharge
KDMKJHGH 4 m3/s 4m3/s
1.
Bed width 6m 6m
2.
Bed level 10.00m 8.00m
3.
Full supply level 11.5m 9.5m
4. (FSL)
5. 12.5m 10.5m
Top level of bank
(TBL)
Full supply depth 1.5m 1.5m
6.
Top width of bank 2m 2m
7.
The ground level at the site is at R.L 10.5m.
Good soil is available for foundation at level
8.5m. Draw the following views to a suitable scale

1. Longitudinal section

2. Half section along the body wall &half end

view looking from downstream side

3. Half plan at top & plan at foundation level

 SOLUTION

I. DESIGN OF NOTCH WALL

Top level of the notch wall is kept at upstream full

supply level & bottom is kept at upstream bed level.
Providing minimum of 2 notches,
• Discharge through each notch = 4/2=2m3/s
• Full supply discharge = Q100 = 2m3/s
• Half supply discharge = Q50 = 2/2 = 1m3/s
•Upstream full supply depth = d100 =1.5m
• Upstream half supply depth = d50 =2/3*d100 = 1
 Discharge through the notch is given by,
Q = 2.99Cd * ( L + 0.4 n d ) d3/2
Q100 = 2.99*0.7*( L+ 0.4*n*1.5) 1.53/2
2 = 2.99 *0.7* ( L+ 0.6*n) 1.53/2
L+0.6n = 0.52 1
Q50 = 2.99*0.7* ( L+0.4*n*1) 13/2
1 = 2.99*0.7*( L+0.4*n)
L+0.4n = 0.47 2
On solving equation 1&2
n= 0.25
Substituting n in equation 1, we have
L =L0.4
Bottom width of notch wall = L = 0.4m.

Top width of notch wall = L + d*2tanα But

= 0.4+1.5*0.25 n = 2tanα
0.25= 2tanα
= 0.77
= 0.8
Thickness of notch wall= ½* upstream FSL
(t) =1/2*1.5 = 0.75

Top width=0.8m
11.5

10.00

Bottom width=0.4m
 DROP WALL

u/s FSL 11.5m 0.75m

dc Notch
u/s bed level 10.0m h= 2m
wall d/s FSL 9.5m
A
1.0m

H Drop d1 =1.5m
d/s bed level 8.0m
wall

x
7.6
B
. . . . .
6.6 C . . . . . .
D E
2.6m
Apron
The top level of the drop wall is kept at upstream bed level

Top width of = Thickness of + 20 to 30cm

drop wall notch wall extra
= 0.75 + 0.25
= 1m
dc = upstream FSL – upstream bed level
= 11.5 - 10
= 1.5m
d1 =. downstream FSL – downstream bed level
= 95 – 8
= 1.5m
h = upstream FSL – downstream FSL
= 11.5 – 9.5
=2 m
 DEPTH OF WATER CUSHION ( x )

• Depth of water cushion is calculated using the following equation

x + d1 = 0.9 dc*۷h
x+1.5 = 0.9*1.5*۷2
x = 0.4m
• Bottom level of drop wall = downstream bed level – x
= 8 – 0.4
= 7.6 m
• Height of drop wall = H = upstream - bottom level of
bed level drop level
= 10 – 7.6
= 2.4m
• Bottom width of = ( H + dc ) / ۷s
= (2.4 +1.5) / ۷ 2.25
=2.6m

• Length of notch wall = 7/8 *canal bed width

at upstream FSL = 7/8*6
b/w abutments = 5.25m

NOTE:
S = Specific gravity of concrete = 2.25
 DESIGN OF SOLID APRON

Assume the thickness of apron as 1m and this thickness should

be checked using Bligh’s theory assuming Bligh’s co efficient of 4.
Thickness of the apron should resist the maximum uplift and this
Maximum uplift occurs at the toe of the drop wall that is at E.

• Head causing flow = h = upstream FSL – downstream FSL

= 11.5 – 9.5
= 2m
• Creep length up to E = L = AB + BC + CD + DE
= 2.4 +1+0.3+2.6
= 6.3m
• Head loss in creep = HL = L/C
=6.3/4 = 1.575 m
• Residual head = HR = h – HL
= 2 – 1.575
=0.425m
• Thickness of apron = HR /S-1
= 0.425/2.25-1
=0.34m
• But minimum thickness of apron = 1/2۷dc + h
=0.935m

Provided 1m thickness of apron is more than 0.34m &0.935m

Assumed thickness is sufficient.

• Length of the apron from the = 1.5 + 2۷dc * h

toe of drop wall
= 1.5 + 3.46
= 4.96m ≈ 5m
 PROTECTION WORKS
ABUTMENT
The top level of the abutment is kept at upstream TBL , & the
bottom level is at 7.6m & thickness of bed concrete is 1m.
• Top width of abutment = 0.5m
• Height of the abutment = 12.5 – 7.6 = 4.9m
• Bottom width of abutment = 0.4 * height of abutment
=0.4*4.9 = 1.96 ≈ 2m
• Water side batter =1in8

u/s TBL 12.50m 0.5m

1

7.6

6.6
.. . . . .
2m Section 1-1
 UPSTREAM WING WALL (Section A-A)

Upstream wing wall is at upstream TBL level .Its bottom level is at

good foundation level that is 8.5m .
Thickness of bed concrete is 0.6m

• Top width = 0.5m

• Height of wing wall 12.5-8.5 = 4m
• Bottom width of wing wall = 0.4 * 4
= 1.6m
• Water side batter = 1in8
u/s TBL 12.50m 0.5m
1
• Upstream wing wall splay is 45 degree
8

8.5

7.9
.. . . .
1.6m
DOWNSTREAM WING WALL (Section B-B)

Downstream wing wall slopes from upstream TBL 12.50m to downstream

TBL 10.50m. Downstream return wall is kept at downstream TBL & its section
is B-B.

• Top width = 0.5m

•Height of wing wall = 12.5-7.6 = 4.9
• Bottom width of wing wall = 0.4*4.9 = 1.96m ≈ 2m
• Water side batter = 1in 8

u/s TBL 12.50m 0.5m

1

7.6

7.0
.. . . .
2m
 RETURN WALL (Section B-B)

• Top width = 0.5m

• Height of return wall =10.5 – 7.6
= 2.9m
• Bottom width of wing wall = 0.4*2.9 = 1.16 ≈1.2m
• Water side batter = 1in8

d/s TBL 10.50m 0.5m

1

7.6

7.0
.. . . .
1.2m
REVETMENT AND PITCHING

• Length of U/S revetment = 3dc or 3m minimum

= 3* 1.5 = 4.5m
However this length is decided based on the position of upstream
Wing wall in the embankment.
• Length of U/S pitching = 1/2* length of u/s revetment
= 1/2 *4.5=2.25m
However provide 2m length of u/s pitching
• Length of D/S revetment = 4*(H + dc ) or 6m minimum
= 4*(2.4+1.5) = 15.6m
However provide 6m length of D/S revetment
• Length of D/S pitching =1/2* length of D/S revetment
= 1/2*6
=3
However provide 4m length of pitching on D/S
THANK YOU