Power Generation and

Distribution
Economics of power
Generation
Types of Loads
Domestic Load
Commercial Load
Industrial Load
Municipal Load
Irrigation Load
Traction Load
Variable load on Power station
The load on a power station varies from time
to time due to uncertain demands of the
consumers and is known as variable load
on the station.
Effects of variable load
Need of additional equipment
Increase in production cost
Load Curve
The curve showing the variation of load on
the power station with respect to time is
known as a load curve
Load duration Curve
When the load elements of a load curve are arranged
in the order of descending magnitude ,the curve
thus obtained is called load duration curve.
Important terms and factors
Connected load: It is the sum of continuous
rating of all the equipments connected to
supply system.
Maximum Demand: It is the greatest demand
of load of the power station during a given
period.
Demand factor: it is the ratio of maximum
demand on the power station to its
connected load.
Important terms and factors
Average load: The average of loads occurring
on the power station in a given period (day
or month or year)is known as average load
or average demand.
Load factor: The ratio of average load to the
maximum demand during a period is known
as load factor.
Diversity factor: The ratio of the sum of
individual maximum demands to the
maximum demand on power station
Important terms and factors
Coincidence factor: The coincidence factor is
the reciprocal of the diversity factor
Contribution factor: it is the contribution of
a particular load ,in per unit of the
individual demand ,to the group maximum
demand
Important terms and factors
Plant Capacity factor: it is the ratio of actual
energy produced to the maximum possible
energy that could have been produced
during a given period.
Plant use factor: It is ratio of kWh generated
to the product of plant capacity and the
number of hours for which the plant was
operation.
Plant Utilization factor: it is the ratio of
maximum load to the rated capacity.
 Power plant economics

I interest in %,
D is depreciation in %,
T is taxes and insurance in %,
Cc is construction cost,
W is Wages, R is repairs & maintenance,
M is miscellaneous and
Cf is fuel cost
 Power costs of consumers in
addition to the production cost
• Transmission,
• Distribution and
• Administrative expenses
• Return on investment
 Cost of power generation can
be reduced by
• Selecting equipment of longer life and
proper capacities
• Running at high load factor
• Increasing efficiency of power plant
• Carryout proper maintenance of power
plant equipment to avoid plant breakdown
• Keeping proper supervision, is reflected in
lesser breakdown and extended plant life
• Using a plant of simple design does not
need highly skilled personnel