National Security Concerns

Overview of National Security Situation

According to McNamara (1968), security includes the promotion
of economic, political, and social development in “poor nations” as:
• A means of preventing conflicts and
• Preserving a minimal measure of “global order” and stability.
• Security of people, not just territory
• Security of individuals, not just of nations; and
• Security through development, not through arms.
Concept of National Security

FIRST SCHOOL - Views national security as

the protection of the nation's people and
territory form physical assult. In this sense,
national security is equated with national
defense, and the threats to a nation's
security are percieved to emanate from the
outside te country.
Concept of National Security
• SECOND SCHOOL - In addition to national
defence, it includes the protection of vital
economic and political interests, the oss of
which could threatern fundamental values and
the vitality of hte state itself. In this sense,
national security is the concern not only of the
military, nut also of hte other departments and
agancies as well, and it may be threatened both
from within and externally.
Security of the Nation depends on the following
• TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY - The territory of the country is intact and
under the effective control of the government.
• ECOLOGICAL BALANCE - The environtment is abe ot support
sustainable developtment strategies for the benefit of the nation and
the people.
• SOCIO-POLITICAL STABILITY - There is peace and harmony among the
divergent groups of people in the country, and mutual cooperation
and support exists between the govenment and the people as a
whole
Security of the Nation depends on the following
• ECONOMIC SOLIDARITY - The economy is strong,
capable of supporting national endeavos, and derivs is
strength from the people who have an organic stake in
it through paricipation or ownership.
• CULTURAL COHESIVENESS - The people share the
values and beliefs handed down by their frebears nad
posses a strong sense of attatchment to the national
security community despite their religious, ethnic and
linguistic differences.
Security of the Nation depends on the following
• EXTERNAL PEACE - The country and the people enjoys
cordial relations with their neighbors, and they are
free from any control, interface or threat of aggression
from any of them.
• MORAL-SPIRITUAL CONSENSUS - There is moral and
spiritual consensus among the people on the wisdom
and righteousness of the nationa vision, and they are
inspired by their patrionism and national pride to
participate vigorously in the pursuit of the country's
goals and objectives.
Aspects of national security
• INTERNAL ASPECT - National security refers to
measures aimed at countering domestic or
internal challenges to the existing political and
socio-economic order.
• EXTERAL ASPECT - National security embraces
the defence arrangements directed at insuring
the safety of the state against foteign
intervention or domination.
Threats to National Security
• INTERNAL THREATS - Threats to the national
security come from the polarized groups of the
Philippine society.
• EXTERNAL THREATS - The main concern here is
the maintainance of good ties and relationship
with the neighboring countries to avoid disputes
that migh resut to military conflict.
Internal Threats
• LOCAL COMMUNIST MOVEMENT - The main threat to our national
security because it has the intention to seize political power through
the violent overthrow of the govenment and the capability to pursue
it to a certain degree.
 ORGANIZTION
• THE CPP - It provides the political leadership to the
movement and determines the general line and
direction of the revolution.
• THE NPA - The military arm of the party tasked with
the development of hte protracted people's war
through the principal use of the armed struggle.
• THE NDF - Task with advancing the legal program of
the communist movement.
REJECTIONIST GROUPS

•Advocating the Nicarguan model of

inserrectionary strategy and tactics
aimed at creating a revolutionary
situation by staging crippling strikes
and urban terrorism.
 REJECTIONIST GROUPS
•PMP (PARTIDO NG MANGGAGAWANG PILIPINO)
•LAGMAN GROUP - The leader of this group is
Filemon LAGMAN. This group has the ideology of
adheres the teachings of LENIN. It advocates
insurrenctonary struggle that calls for a
combinations of political and military efforts to
create an insurrectionary or revolutionary
situation.
SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES SECESSIONIS GROUPS
• The main issue then is the clash of interest between the Christians
and the Muslims. The present problem drew its root cause from the
neglect and total disregard for the Muslims.

• SPG's are devided into two groups.

MORO ISLAMIC LIBERATION FRONT

Former leader: Hashim SALAMAT

Armed group: Banngsamoro Islamic Armed
Forces.
Objectives: to carve proportions of the
Phillipine Terretory where it intends to
etablish an Islamic state.
ABA SAYYAF GROUP

FORMER LEADER: KHADAFFY JANJALANI

OBJECTIVE: Creation of an independent
Islamic state in Mindanao. Mere autonomy
or undependence will not stop from pursuing
their mission, which is the evetual reign of
Islam worldwide.
MISSUARI BREAKAWAY GROUP

1. BACKGROUND
• April 30, 2001
• 26 high ranking personalities of MNLF form 15
man executive council
• 4th national conference of the MNLF at
Cabanatuan Complex
• Forge a unity agreement with the MNLF.
 MISSUARI BREAKAWAY GROUP
2. CONSETRATION - Sulu, Basilan, Tawi-tawi, and
Zamboanga
3. CAPABILITIES
• The ability to recruit new members in the mentioned places.
• Capable of employing hit and run tactics
• Capable of launching minor-scale offensives.
• Capable of merging with ASG and MNLF for selective activitie
4. WEAKNESS
• Loosely organized
• No effective leader at present
• Resembles a ragtag group of bandits out to prey on unsuspecting
EXTERNAL THREATS
• Among the countries in the Southeast Asia that
pose a threat to Philippine national security are
the countries Malaysia, Vietnam, Taiwan, and
the People's Republic of China. These countries
together with the Philippines are contesting over
the Kalayaan (Spartyls) group of islands, located
southwest of the Philippines.
Benifits of the Claimant can get
• Major shipping and oil tanker route connecting the Pacific
and Idian Oceans.
• Philippine trade goes through these waters.
• The area is below the Phil's air travel lanes with Malaysia,
Singapore, Borneo and Indonesia.
• Around 2 million metric tons of sea harvest are exposed to
possible oil spills in the area.
• The area's proven oil and gas potential (e.g. Sabah basin in
Indonesia, Northwest Nam Conson basin in Indonesia,
Northwest Palawan Basin etc.)
• The area straddles the migration path of commercially viable
fish like yellow-fin tuna
Additional Chinese Interest

Spartlys are important to China due to:

1.Its Hydrocarbon resourses. 3 trillion
worth of resouces aboud the area.
2.It provides an excellent source of
marine protien since it is a fisherman's
paradise.
 EXTERNAL THREATS
• The Philippines derives more that 19% of its fish catch from
the sea west of Palawan
• The area is indeed a very stratigicaly and militarily. Around
400 commercial vessels pass through this sea lane daily.
Control of this vital route could therefore virtually strangle
nation's economy.
• Conflict in Indonesia and the Korean Peninsula. the Conflict
may spill over in Mindanao and in the case of Korean
Peninsula, the plight of our overseas contract worker may be
affected that may indirectly affect our economy
EXTERNAL THREATS
• Intrusion of foriegn and unidentified foreign vessels
into the Philippine territorial sea. Local and foreign
enimies of the state utilize this advantege of providing
logistics and supplies to their followers like arms
cache.
• Presence of foreign terrorist groups, foreign
intelligence agencies, persona non grata, etc. which
threaten national security like those who are engage
in economic sobotage, international conspiracy and
other activities contrary to Philippine vital interest.
PEACE EDUCATION
Peace is not just the absence of war or
violence. It is more that just the basence of war
because of its absence not always mean peace.

Peace as positively defined, means the

presence of harmony, understanding, tranquility,
social justice, respect, and tolerance - meaning
enhancement of life.
 PEACE VIEWED IN DIFFERENT LEVELS
• PERSONAL LEVEL - refers to the development of positive attitudes
• INTERPERSONAL LEVEL - Manifested by the relationship of an
individual with one another.
a) Assertiveness - The capacity of an individual to express one's
views or excersice one's rights without being agressive.
b) Respect - Recognize the worth of others regardless of the
difference in social position.
c) Concern for Others - Awareness and understanding for their
needs, feelings, and condition and extending appropriate
consideration for such.
• INTERPERSONAL LEVEL
d) Cooperation - The capacity and willingness to work with
others to achieve a common goal.
e) Open-Mindedness - The willingness to approach
difficult sources of infomation, people, and events with a
critical but open mind.
f) Humility - The virtue to accept and recognize that others
may have the ability simiar or maybe more that you have
and that recofnition enables you to accept your own
limitations.
 PEACE VIEWED IN DIFFERENT LEVELS
• SOCIAL/NATIONAL LEVEL - Concerned with addressing issues that
affect society and its social, political, and economic components.
• Injustice - such as land grabbing, forest degradation, water
pollution, and others that have social impact.
a. Social responsibility - An awareness of one's responsibility for
hte common welfare and the willingness as wel as the
readiness to work for it.
b. Interdependence - An awareness of the impact of the decision
or action of an individual or group to one another.
c. Social Justice - Awareness and recognition of the civil, political,
ecnomic, social, and cultural rights.
 PEACE VIEWED IN DIFFERENT LEVELS
• GLOBAL LEVEL - Concered with issues that have global
impacts.
a. Respect for the Environment - Value of recognizing the
importance if that resources in the environment as indicated by
the act of preserving and conserving.
b. Unity in the Oneness of Humankind - Value of recognizing the
importance of being one with other humans as the semblance of
God's power and love.
c. Religious Appreciation - The ability to respect and appreciate
the presence of people with religious beliefs other than its own.
d. Cultural Appreciation - Recognition of the presence of different
cultures.
 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE OF PEACE
•A culture of peace is achieved when citizens of
the world understand global problems.
•Culture is stablished in a human society
composed of the spiritual and the material
aspect.
•Developing the culture of peace was recognized
as the development of creative life-styles and
practical ways of dealing with conlifct.
ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN NATIONAL SECUTRIY
VOTER'S EDUCATION PROGRAM
WHAT IS ELECTION?
Election - means by which the people choose their
officials for definite and fixed periods.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELECTORAL EXERCISE
REGULAR ELECTIONS, SPECIAL ELECTIONS, NATIONAL
ELECTIONS, LOCAL ELECTIONS, PLEBICITE, REFERENDUM,
INITIATIVE, RECALL.
VOTER'S EDUCATION PROGRAM
How often elections are held
1. Every 2nd Monday of May for national and local
elections. President and Vice President for every 6
years. Senators, Congressman, Provincial, City and
Municipal officials for every 3 years.
2. Every last Monday of October, every 3 years for
barangay and SK officials.
3. Every 3 years from march 1993 - ARMM elections.
VOTER'S EDUCATION PROGRAM
• What is registration?
Act of accomplishing and filling of a sworn
application for resgistration by qualified voter.
• Why shoud you register?
To have the opportunity to choose our leaders.
• What's in it for me?
You get heard and counted.
VOTER'S EDUCATION PROGRAM
• Requirements for Registration
One must be:
1. A Filipino citizen
2. At least 18 years old
3. A resident of the Philippines for one year and of
the city or municipality where in the proces to vote for
at least six months immediately preceding the election.
4. not otherwise disqualified by law.
VOTER'S EDUCATION PROGRAM
• What is validation of registration?
A process wherein the fingerprints of the
voter would be captured electronically at no
expense of the voter.
• Where should I register?
COMELEC office of you locale.
• Where should I validate my registration?
Barangay Office
VOTER'S EDUCATION PROGRAM
• How do I go about transfering my registration
1.Apply with the election officer of new residence
for the transfer of our registration records.
2.You will be ask to accomplish 6 application
forms.
• Our voting practices
• Voting by popularity
• Vote buying.
VOTER'S EDUCATION PROGRAM
• Your Vote will mean
1. Better services from the executive
2. Better Policies and laws from the legislative
3. A brighter future for us, Filipinos
• What must we do?
1. Go out and register or revalidate your registration
2. Encourage your friends to register and to validate
their registration.
3. Help educate your friends
4.Cast your vote.
GOOD CITIZEN'S GUIDE TO RESPONSIBLE VOTING

•Voting or suffrage is a privilage and right

given to every Filipino.
•Every Filipino has the opportunity to be
directly involved in the affairs of the
nation.
GOOD CITIZEN'S GUIDE TO RESPONSIBLE VOTING
• When a Filipino citizen chooses to forfeit his privilage, right, and
responsibility to vote, he/she makes himself an apathetic bystander
amongst his/her people and all they fight for in the name of true
freedom.

• When a Filipino citizen chooses to accept his privilage, right, and

responsibility to vote, he/she becomes a part of the nation's
conscience, a builder of future, and a vanguard of freedom and the
interest of the common good.
GOOD CITIZEN'S GUIDE TO RESPONSIBLE VOTING
• Whom should I vote for?
A Filipino will most certainly be met with a barrage of considerations in
choosing his candidates. There are however, some basic considerations that
should be taken more critically than others.
QUESTIONS AND RATIONAL
1. Has the candidate previously served as public offical?
2. Does the candidate posess the necessary and/or minimum levle of mental
and emotional faculties to discharge his functions effectively adn efficiently?
3. Does the candidate have a clear, relevant and moral platform?
4. Does the candidate give importance to the family, youth, and future
generations?
VOTER'S EDUCATION PROGRAM

•“The Philippines is a republican and

democratic state. Sovereinity resides in the
people and all government authority
meanates from them.
• We select our officials directly.
• Officials serve for fixed terms.
• Officials are directly accountable to the
people.
VOTER'S EDUCATION PROGRAM

The Government

Legislative Judicial

Executive
VOTER'S EDUCATION PROGRAM

•EXECUTIVE
•Implements programs and projects
•Monitors porgam and projects
•Provides basic services
•Performs ceremonia functions.
VOTER'S EDUCATION PROGRAM