ENDOGENIC PROCESSES

BY: GROUP 8
 Definition

en-do-gen-ic

Formed, located or occurring

beneath the surface of the earth.
 What is Endogenic Processes?

 Endogenic processes are geological processes

that occur beneath the surface of the earth.
 It is associated with energy originating in the
interior of the solid earth.
 The ground we live on is moving all the time.
The forces within the earth that cause the
ground move are called Endogenic Forces.
How does the Endogenic Processes work?

 When the ground moves, Rock layers at the

surface of the earth are broken, twisted and
shaken.
 Land is destroyed in many places and created
in others places.
 When the land shaped by Endogenic Forces we
call this ENDOGENIC PROCESSES.
 The Main Endogenic Processes

 The main Endogenic Processes are FOLDING

and FAULTING or Tectonic Movements.
 They take place mainly along the plate
boundaries, which are the zone that are not
stable.
 Endogenic processes cause many major
landform features.
 FOLDING

 When two forces push towards each other from

opposite sides, the rock layers will bend into folds.
 The process by which folds are formed are due to
compressional forces known as folding.
 There are large-scale and small-scale folds. Large-
scale folds are found mainly along destructive plate
boundaries.
 FAULTING

 Faulting is the fracturing and displacement of more brittle rock

strata (a layer or a series of layers of rock in the ground) along a
fault plane either caused by tension or compression.
 A break in rock along which a vertical or horizontal rock
movement has occurred is called a fault.
 The process of forming a fault is faulting.
 The line of fault which appears on land surface is known as fault
line.
 These lines are often of weakness which allow molten rock to rise
up onto earth surface when there is active volcanic activity nearby.
 TYPES OF FAULTING

 There are three types of fault which are caused by

different endogenic forces:
 - Normal fault (Convergence)
 - Reverse fault (Divergence)
 - Tear fault (Transform)

 Faulting forms two major landforms – block mountains

and rift valleys.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF FAULTING
 OTHER ENDOGENIC
PROCESSES(SUBSEQUENT)

 These are Endogenic Processes that are subsequent to

the main ones.
 Volcanism (Volcanic Activity)
 Metamorphism

 Earthquake (Seismic Activity)

 VOLCANISM

 VOLCANISM or magmatism (also known as volcanic activity or

igneaous activity)
 Magma beneath the crust is under very great pressure. When
folding and faulting occur,cracks or fractures which are lines of
weakness are created.
 When these lines of weakness develop downward in the crust and
reach the magma, they will release the pressure in the magma.
 These allows magma to rise up along the lines of weakness and
intrude into the crust. Some magma may even reach the earth`s
surface and some don`t.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF VOLCANISM
RESULTS OF VOLCANISM
 METAMORPHISM

 Metamorphism is an endogenic process which occurs

when there is pressure and heat applied to geologic
structures which leads to the formation of Metamorphic
rocks.
ILLUSTRATION OF METHAMORPHISM
RESULTS OF METAMORPHISM
GRADING METAMORPHIC ROCKS
 EARTHQUAKE

 An Earthquake or (Seismic Activity) is a sudden shaking

or vibration in the earth’s crust.
 When the plates suddenly move past each other the
built-up strain is released along the fault , end the rock
fractures.
 An earthquake also can be triggered by molten rock
moving up into the chamber of a volcano before
eruption.
ILLUSTRATING EARTHQUAKE
 SUMMARY

 Endogenic processes are processes that is formed or occurring

beneath the surface of the earth.
 The main endogenic processes are folding and faulting (or
tectonic movements).
 The subsequent Endogenic Processes are Volcanism,
Metarmorphism and Earthquake.
 Endogenic processes cause many major landform features.
 Endogenic processes have been responsible for shaping the earth’s
geologic structures and the formation of many of the most
important mineral resources.
THANK YOU!