Instrument Landing System

ALDRIADNE JENNSICA D. ALBONIA

MARY JOY P. CORONO
USES: HELPFUL WHEN:
• Ensure flight safety • Visibility is limited
• Help aircraft to runway • Pilot cannot see the airport
touchdown point and runway
• Guide pilot to perform
landing
• Provide precision final
approach (horizontal &
vertical guidance)
 ILS INDICATOR

LOCALIZER INDICATOR GLIDE SLOPE INDICATOR

- Deviation from runway - Deviation form optimal

center line glide path
• Vertical Needle • Horizontal Needle
• Provide information • Provide information
for horizontal guidance for vertical guidance
• Fly left or Fly right • Fly up or Fly down
LOCALIZER
INDICATOR

GLIDE SLOPE
INDICATOR
 ILS COMPONENTS

1. Ground Installations
* Ground Localizer (LLZ) Antenna
- horizontal navigation
* Ground Glide Slope/Path (GP) Antenna
- vertical navigation

2. Aircraft Equipment
* LLZ and GP Antennas
* ILS indicator
ILS GROUND INSTALLATIONS
 LOCALIZER

- Is the horizontal antenna

array located at the opposite of
the runway
- Operates in VHF band
between 108 to 111.975 MHz
 Glide
Path/Slope
- Is the vertical antenna
located on one side of the
runway about 300m to the
end of runway
- Operates UHF band between
329.15 and 335 MHz
- GP signals coverage extends
to a distance of 10nm.
 HOW ILS WORKS?

• Ground Localizer transmit VHF signal

• Ground Glide slope transmit VHF signal
• Localizer & Glidepath at aircraft nose receive
signals
• Activated vertical & horizontal needles in the
indicator by these signals (Go left, Go right, up,
down)
• Keep the needles at center to align with runway and
aim the touchdown
 FACTORS AFFECTING ILS

• Weather
• FM broadcast
• Vehicle / Aircraft movement
• Snow & Heavy rain