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A4351S09 - 12 - Cooling Loads
A4351S09 - 12 - Cooling Loads
Environmental Controls
Controls I/IG
I/IG
Lecture 12
Cooling Loads
Cooling Degree Hours
Energy Performance Ratings
Annual Fuel Consumption
Cooling Loads
Computed for worst
case scenario:
Late summer afternoon
at outdoor design dry
bulb temperature
Include:
Insolation from sun
Heat gain from people,
lights, and equipment
Infiltration in residential
buildings
Ventilation in
nonresidential buildings
SR-3
Summer Design Conditions
Design Dry Bulb Temperature
Mean Daily Range
S: p. 1496, T.B1
Determine Design Equivalent
Temperature Difference (DETD)
Construction type
Outdoor design temperature
Mean daily range
L: 0-16ºF
M: 16-25ºF
H: 25+ºF
S: p. 1613, T.F.5
Determine Envelope U-values
Calculate ΣR and then find U for walls
and roofs.
S: p. 1615, T.5.6
Determine Area Quantities
Perform area takeoffs for
all building envelope
surfaces on each facade:
4’
8’
Elevation
Infiltration
S: p. 1617, T.F.7
Ventilation Analysis
Non-residential buildings use ventilation to provide
fresh air and to offset infiltration effects.
S: p. 1598, T.E.25
Ventilation—Sensible CLF
S: 1617, T.F.7
People — Sensible Gain
Determine number of people
Activity level
S: p. 1617, T.F.8
Lights
Standby mode
Copiers
Monitors
Printers
CPU
“energy star”
S: p. 1618, T.F.9
Latent Load
Not calculated separately:
L: 0-16ºF
M: 16-25ºF
H: 25+ºF
DETD=31.0ºF
S: p. 1613, T.F.5
Cooling Loads
0.025 20,000 31.0 15,500 15,500
SR-3
Determine Design Equivalent
Temperature Difference (DETD)
Wall Construction type (see given)
Design temperature: 95ºF
Mean daily range: 32ºF
L: 0-16ºF
M: 16-25ºF
H: 25+ºF
DETD=11.3ºF
S: p. 1613, T.F.5
Cooling Loads
0.025 20,000 31.0 15,500 15,500
SR-3
Determine Window DCLF
Glazing Type
Design Temperature
Shading
Orientation
S: p.
1615,
T.F.6
Cooling Loads
0.025 20,000 31.0 15,500 15,500
SR-3
ASHRAE 62-2001
Defines space occupancy and ventilation loads
S: p. 1598, T.E.25
Ventilation Load — Sensible
S: p. 1617, T.F.7
Cooling Loads
0.025 20,000 31.0 15,500 15,500
SR-3
People — Sensible Gain
Determine number of people: 280
Activity level: moderately active office work
S: p. 1617, T.F.8
Cooling Loads
0.025 20,000 31.0 15,500 15,500
SR-3
Lighting Load
Lighting load: 1.5 w/sf
Equipment load: 0.5 w/sf
Cooling Loads
0.025 20,000 31.0 15,500 15,500
values
3,400 22.0 74,800 74,800
610,782Btuh
200 250 50,000
or
40,000 1.5 204,780
50.9 Tons
40,000 0.5 68,260 323,040 52.8
508,985 83.3
101,797 16.7
Tons=Q/12,000 610,782
50.9
100.0
SR-3
Cooling
Cooling Degree
Degree Hours
Hours
Cooling Degree Hours
Relative indicator of warmth
S: p. 1496, T.B.1
Cooling Degree Hours
CDH(BPT)= ODBT-BPT
If temperature (ODBT)=91ºF
CDH74 =ODBT-74
=91-74
=17 cooling degree-hours
Energy
Energy Performance
Performance Ratings
Ratings
Performance Ratings
E= UA x CDH(BPT)
SEER
where:
UA: cooling load/ºF
CDH(BPT): degree hours for balance point
SEER: seasonal energy efficiency rating
Calculating UA
QTotal= UA x ΔT
UA= QTotal/ΔT
UA=Q/ΔT
UA=12,000/20= 600 Btuh/ºF
Determine SEER
Obtain SEER from manufacturer’s data or
Convert COP to SEER
SEER: 5-15
E= UA x CDH74
SEER
E1 =(600)(9,898)/(6.8)
=873,353 wh/yr
=873 kwh/yr
E= UA x CDH74
SEER
E2 =(600)(9,898)/(10.2)
=582,235 wh/yr
=582 kwh/yr
System 1 500
System 2 600
Simple Payback