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A4351S09 - 12 - Cooling Loads
A4351S09 - 12 - Cooling Loads
A4351S09 - 12 - Cooling Loads
Lecture 12
Cooling Loads
Cooling Degree Hours
Energy Performance Ratings
Annual Fuel Consumption
Cooling Loads
Computed for worst
case scenario:
Late summer afternoon
at outdoor design dry
bulb temperature
Include:
Insolation from sun
Heat gain from people,
lights, and equipment
Infiltration in residential
buildings
Ventilation in
nonresidential buildings
SR-3
Summer Design Conditions
Design Dry Bulb Temperature
Mean Daily Range
S: p. 1496, T.B1
Determine Design Equivalent
Temperature Difference (DETD)
Construction type
Outdoor design temperature
Mean daily range
L: 0-16ºF
M: 16-25ºF
H: 25+ºF
S: p. 1613, T.F.5
Determine Envelope U-values
Calculate ΣR and then find U for walls
and roofs.
S: p. 1615, T.5.6
Determine Area Quantities
Perform area takeoffs for
all building envelope
surfaces on each facade:
4’
8’
Elevation
Infiltration
S: p. 1617, T.F.7
Ventilation Analysis
Non-residential buildings use ventilation to provide
fresh air and to offset infiltration effects.
S: p. 1598, T.E.25
Ventilation—Sensible CLF
S: 1617, T.F.7
People — Sensible Gain
Determine number of people
Activity level
S: p. 1617, T.F.8
Lights
Standby mode
Copiers
Monitors
Printers
CPU
“energy star”
S: p. 1618, T.F.9
Latent Load
Not calculated separately:
L: 0-16ºF
M: 16-25ºF
H: 25+ºF
DETD=31.0ºF
S: p. 1613, T.F.5
Cooling Loads
0.025 20,000 31.0 15,500 15,500
SR-3
Determine Design Equivalent
Temperature Difference (DETD)
Wall Construction type (see given)
Design temperature: 95ºF
Mean daily range: 32ºF
L: 0-16ºF
M: 16-25ºF
H: 25+ºF
DETD=11.3ºF
S: p. 1613, T.F.5
Cooling Loads
0.025 20,000 31.0 15,500 15,500
SR-3
Determine Window DCLF
Glazing Type
Design Temperature
Shading
Orientation
S: p.
1615,
T.F.6
Cooling Loads
0.025 20,000 31.0 15,500 15,500
SR-3
ASHRAE 62-2001
Defines space occupancy and ventilation loads
S: p. 1598, T.E.25
Ventilation Load — Sensible
S: p. 1617, T.F.7
Cooling Loads
0.025 20,000 31.0 15,500 15,500
SR-3
People — Sensible Gain
Determine number of people: 280
Activity level: moderately active office work
S: p. 1617, T.F.8
Cooling Loads
0.025 20,000 31.0 15,500 15,500
SR-3
Lighting Load
Lighting load: 1.5 w/sf
Equipment load: 0.5 w/sf
Cooling Loads
0.025 20,000 31.0 15,500 15,500
Insert equipment
values SR-3
Cooling Loads
0.025 20,000 31.0 15,500 15,500 2.5
610,782Btuh
200 250 50,000
or
40,000 1.5 204,780
50.9 Tons
40,000 0.5 68,260 323,040 52.8
508,985 83.3
16.7
Tons=Q/12,000 101,797
610,782 100.0
SR-3 50.9
Cooling Degree Hours
Cooling Degree Hours
Relative indicator of warmth
S: p. 1496, T.B.1
Cooling Degree Hours
Balance Point Temperature (BPT):
temperature above which cooling is needed
CDH(BPT)= ODBT-BPT
If temperature (ODBT)=91ºF
CDH74 =ODBT-74
=91-74
=17 cooling degree-hours
Energy Performance Ratings
Performance Ratings
E= UA x CDH(BPT)
SEER
where:
UA: cooling load/ºF
CDH(BPT): degree hours for balance point
SEER: seasonal energy efficiency rating
Calculating UA
QTotal= UA x ΔT
UA= QTotal/ΔT
UA=Q/ΔT
UA=12,000/20= 600 Btuh/ºF
Determine SEER
Obtain SEER from manufacturer’s data or
Convert COP to SEER
SEER: 5-15
System 1 500
System 2 600
Simple Payback