At the polyclinic

(seeing a doctor)

Siti Urifah, MNS

Di sampaikan pada perkuliahan MK: Bhs. Inggris Keperawatan
STIKES Bahrul Ulum, Jombang
 Sub Topic
a) Expressing feeling (sadness, anxiety, pain, fear)
b) Suggesting, requesting and instructing
c) Giving orders, advising and warning
d) Diagnosing
e) Expressing and finding out about wishes, hopes, and
desires.
f) Language features: suffixes for adjective, adverb of
frequency
• FEELING IS :
• An emotional reaction (reaksi emosi).
• The experiencing of affective and emotional states (ekspresi
keadaan afektif dan emosional).
• EMOTION IS:
• A mental state that arises spontaneously rather than through
conscious effort (Kondisi mental yang muncul secara spontan dan
melalui upaya secara sadar)

Note: they are expressed by nouns

• HAPPINESS : Emotion experienced when you feel satisfaction or
pleasure
• JEALOUSY : A feeling of anger or unhappiness because someone has
something or someone that you want
• SADNESS: Showing, feeling, or causing unhappiness or regret
• PRIDE : Is the feeling of satisfaction you have because you or people you
are connected with have done something well
• FEAR : An unpleasant emotion that you have when you are frightened or
worried by something dangerous, painful or bad that is happening or might
happen.
• PAIN : a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
Expressing feelings (sadness, anxiety, pain, fear)

• Vocabularies focus
Words Meaning Words Meaning
sad / unhappy sedih / tidak bahagia cross jengkel

feel blue sedih annoyed kesal

feel low / down merasa rendah / bawah irritated dongkol
depressed murung furious sangat marah
downhearted putus asa indignant naik darah
angry marah
Expressing feelings (sadness, anxiety, pain, fear)

Response
Questions
• How are you feeling today? • I feel a little sad/ happy/angry / ….
Bagaimana perasaan Anda hari ini? Saya merasa sedikit sedih / bahagia / marah / ….
• You look sad/upset. Are you OK?
Anda terlihat sedih / kesal. Apa kau baik-baik saja? • To be honest, I’m a little bit sad/ happy/angry /
• You seem a little bit distracted. Are you alright? ….
Sejujurnya, saya sedikit sedih / bahagia / marah /
Anda tampak sedikit terganggu. Apa kamu baik baik saja? ….
• You seem kind of low today. What’s wrong?
Anda tampak rendah hari ini. Apa yang salah? • It’s been a difficult day.
• You seem a little blue today. What’s the matter? Ini adalah hari yang sulit.
Anda tampak sedikit sedih hari ini. Apa masalahnya?
• What’s wrong? • The thing is that I am angry/sad / …
Apa yang salah? Masalahnya adalah saya marah / sedih / …
• What’s the matter?
Apa masalahnya? • I am mad at him / her..
• Are you OK/alright? Aku marah padanya / dia ..
Apakah kamu baik-baik saja?
• Are you happy / angry…?
Apakah kamu bahagia / marah …?
• Is everything OK / alright…?
Apakah semuanya baik-baik saja?
Suggesting, requesting and instruction

• SUGGESTION: an idea about what someone should do or how someone should

behave
• REQUEST: an act of politely or formally asking for something
• INSTRUCTION: a statement that describes how to do something or an order or
command.
For strong advice, should is used to say what is
the right thing or a good thing to do.

I’m always tired! You should go to

bed earlier.
For strong advice, you can also use “need to” to say what is
necessary
and you can use imperatives.

You need to
eat all your food.

Eat all your food!

 Use should + a verb to complete the sentences.
CLEAN GO READ VISIT WATCH WEAR

1. When you play tennis, you ___________ the ball.

2. You look tired. You ________ to bed.
3. You __________ your teeth after every meal.
4. The museum is very interesting. You _________ it.
5. When you are driving, you _________ a seat-belt.
6. It’s a good book. You _________ it.
Suggesting, requesting and instruction

The difference between requests and instructions.

The difference between a request and an instruction is a choice. If a person can choose to do
the thing he has been asked to do, then this is a request. If he has no choice, then it is an
instruction.

For example:
"Can I see you in my office, Bob?"
"Please would you open your suitcase, Madam."
And requests often sound like instructions.

For example:
"Step out of your car, sir."
But very often when people give instructions they say them as requests
Suggesting, requesting and instruction
Requests and instructions that sound like instructions are easy. They are what grammarians call imperatives.
The imperative does not have a past or future tense. It is always a simple present.

If the person being given the imperative needs to be

told who he/she is, the name is said first or last.
For example: Polite requests use a type of English called the subjunctive. We won't
"Bob, come here!" learn the subjunctive now - all you need to remember for this lesson is
"Come here, Bob!" that more polite requests use modals as if they were past tense.
For example:
Requests are more difficult. Generally we use a modal "Could you pass me the salt?"
e.g.- "Can " or "may" "Might I have the salt?"
For example:
"Can you pass me the salt?"
"May I have the salt?" The word "please" is often used with requests or instructions to make
them more polite. "Please" comes at the beginning or end, as with
names, but it does not usually come before the name at the beginning or
after the name at the end.
For example:
"Samantha, please come here."
"Samantha, come here please."
"Come here please, Samantha."
"Please come here Samantha.
Answering requests and Instructions.

• The right response to an imperative might be "Yes" followed by a title -

"Yes, Mrs Jones" or "Yes, Sir!" (Or for husbands) "Yes, dear."
It is not usual to refuse a request or instruction. Instead, if you want to say "no" you should ask the
reason.

• If someone says "Get out of your car, please sir." You can answer:
"Must I?"
"Why?"
"Is this really necessary?"

• If you must say no to a request, apologize at the same time.

"No, sorry, I can't."
"I'm afraid that's impossible.“

• With friends and family, responses can often be much less polite. To say "yes", you can use
"Sure", "Ok" "If you like".

• It is the same when you say "no".

For example:
"No", or "Do it yourself", or even insulting "get lost!"
Giving orders, advising and warning
1. Use the imperative form
• We use the imperative form to give orders, warnings and advice:
• Be quiet!
• Take care!
• Listen!
• Sit down.
• Get me something to drink.

• You should soften the imperative form with let’s or please while talking to an
adult.
• Let’s go now, shall we?
• Let’s take a break, shall we?
• Please listen to what I’m saying. (More polite than ‘Listen to what I am saying.’)
Giving orders, advising and warning

2. Use a modal verb to turn the order into a request

• Modal auxiliary verbs can make orders and instructions sound more polite. For example, ‘Could
you help me?’ is more polite than ‘Help me!’
• Could you make me some tea?
• Could you post this letter?
• Could you lend me 50 dollars, please?
• Could you bring me that file, please?
• Could you pick up the kids from school, please?
• Can you come here please?
• Will you keep quiet please?
• Would you wait here until I’m back?

• Could is more polite than can. Both can and could are followed by a verb without to.
• Could you help me with this? (NOT Could you to help me…?)
Diagnosing

 To define clinical entities

 Typical symptom cluster

 Natural history

 Causes

 To determine treatments
 Diagnosis is imposed from outside by an expert, not by the
client.
 Diagnostic categories minimize the uniqueness of each client.
 Focus on signs and symptoms ignores capacity for self-healing
Sample Conversation

Doctor: Hi Jessica. How are you feeling today?

Patient: A bit better.
Doctor: That's good to hear. Are you still feeling nauseous?
Patient: No, I haven't felt sick to my stomach since you switched my medication.
Doctor: Great. Say, your test results came in this morning.
Patient: It's about time. Is it good news or bad?
Doctor: I guess it's a bit of both. Which do you want first?
Patient: Let's get the bad news over with.
Doctor: Okay. It looks like you're going to need surgery to remove the tumour from your leg.
After the operation you're going to have to stay off your feet for at least three weeks. That
means no soccer.
Patient: I was afraid you were going to say that.
Doctor: Now for the good news. The biopsy shows that the tumour is benign, which means
it's not cancerous. We're going to take it out anyway just to be on the safe side.
Patient: Wow, that's a load off my mind. Thanks Doctor.
Doctor: Don't get too excited. We still need to get to the bottom of all of this weight loss.
Patient: I've probably just been so worried about this stupid lump.
Doctor: These things often are stress related, but we're still going to do a few blood tests
just to rule a few things out.
Patient: Things like what? Cancer?
Doctor: Actually, I'm thinking more along the lines of a food allergy.
Expressing and finding out about wishes, hopes, and desires.
 To Hope

Hope can show a future or past desire (something we want). Even though we want
something, “hope” doesn’t mean we will work hard to get it – it’s a feeling in our heads,
but not an action.

•I hope I pass the exam! (present tense talking about the future)
•I hope she’ll be okay!
•I had hoped I’d win the race, but I couldn’t do it. (past perfect + past simple)
•We’re all hoping for a better future. (present continuous taking about the future)
 To Wish

“To wish” is a little different. It does mean something similar to “want”, but it’s a
desire we have on things we can’t control. It’s often like we want magic to
change something.

We usually use the past tense with “wish”. This shows how unlikely it is to
change.

•I wish I was prettier! = I want something to change but I can’t control it.
•She wishes she could run as fast as her brother.
•I just wish for a happy life – nothing else!
• Hope and wish express different points of view
about the present and future.
• Hope refers to real possibilities.
• Wish is used to express impossibility or
improbability – that the speaker or writer wants
reality to be other than it is

Hopes verse Wishes Inference

I hope that they will (can) It is possible that they will
help us. (can) help us.

I wish that they would They probably will not

(could) help us. (cannot) help us.
• Hopes: present and future hopes are expressed
by using present or future verbs or modal
auxiliaries such as can in the dependent clause.
• Wishes: present and future wishes are
expressed by using would, could, or a special
verb form – the subjunctive – in the dependent
clause. In most cases, this form is the same as
the simple past tense.
• In formal English, were is used for all forms of
the verb be. However, in informal English , was
is sometimes used with I, he, she and it, although
it is not considered correct. Use of that is optional
in these sentences.
 Examples Inferences
Wishes about I wish (that) they were here. They aren’t here.
the present
I wish (that) they were coming. They are not coming.

I wish (that) they came here more They don’t come here very
often. often.
I wish they could come. They cannot come.
Wishes about I wish they were going to come. They are probably not going
the future to come.
I wish they would (could) come They probably won’t (can’t)
next week. come next week.
Wishes about the past
• Wishes about the past express feelings or thoughts
that did not happen, that are contrary to reality.
• To show the unreality of the wish, a subjunctive form,
which is the same as the past perfect tense, is
normally used in the dependent clause.
 Examples
The workers went on
strike. I wish (that) there
hadn’t been a strike.
The negotiators didn’t
agree. We wish (that)
they had (agreed).
The negotiators couldn’t
agree. We wish (that)
they could have (agreed).
Notes
In most cases, had + past
participle is used with past
wishes. The past participle
can be omitted if the
meaning is clear. That can
also be omitted.
In some cases, perfect
modals (could [would, etc]
have + past participle) are
used to express past
wishes.
 To Expect

People often confuse the word “expect” with “hope” or “want”, but the meaning is a little
different.
When we expect something, we want something but we think it is likely or certain to
happen.

•I expect you to be home before 10pm = I want you to be home by 10, and if you’re not I will
be very angry.
•I don’t expect many people to come to my party = I think it’s unlikely that many people will
come.
•I expect you to be at school on time = Being on time is the standard that the students
should meet.
 To Desire

I left this one last, because it’s not as common in everyday conversation. When we talk about the
topic of ‘wanting things’, we often use the word “desire”, but it’s a bit too formal for everyday talks.

•I desire large amounts of wealth. = This sounds quite formal, and perhaps old-fashioned.

We sometimes use it when “want” or “hope” isn’t enough. “Desire” has a stronger feeling – like it’s
something you will do anything to get.

•She has always desired to have a good husband and start a family. = stronger than “want”
•He desires to become king.
Language features: suffixes for adjective, adverb of frequency
SUFFIXES FOR ADJECTIVE
• SUFFIXES for ADJECTIVE can make some nouns into adjectives by adding
suffixes (extra letters at the end of the word). For example, you can make the noun
'noise' into an adjective by taking off the 'e' and adding 'y' to make 'noisy'.

To make an adjective

If the word is a verb you add ……able

If the word is a noun you add …al or y

 Name………………………
Date ………………………
-able, -al, -y

e.g. 1. I wash my jumper. It is a wash………… jumper.

e.g 2. The box plays music. It is a music………… box.

1. I like Suzy. She is a like…………… girl.

2. The shoes are covered in dirt. They are dirt……… shoes.

3.The boy made a mess. He is a very mess……… boy.

4. I enjoy books. Books are enjoy………………… .

5. The trick was magic. It was a magic…………… trick.

6. I love my bear. He is a love………… bear.

Adverbs of frequency

We use adverbs of frequency to answer the question: How often?

Always Usually Often Sometimes

Hardly ever Never
Adverbs of frequency

These adverbs usually come BEFORE the main verb.

She never eats meat.

I sometimes play tennis on Saturdays.
I don’t often go swimming.
I always have coffee for breakfast.
I usually go to bed at about 11.00.
He hardly ever watches TV.
Adverbs of frequency

Sometimes and usually can also come at the beginning or the end of a
sentence:
Sometimes we play cards.
We play cards sometimes.
Usually I walk to school.
I walk to school usually.
Adverbs of frequency

Never and always CAN’T come at the beginning or the end of a sentence:

NOT: Never I go to the cinema.

Always I have coffee in the morning.
BUT: I never go to the cinema
I always have coffee in the morning.
Adverbs of frequency

REMEMBER:

a. Adverbs of frequency go before all verbs

EXCEPT be.
Do you usually go to work by bus?
BUT: They’re sometimes late.
b. We use a positive verb with never and hardly ever.
He never smokes and NOT He doesn’t never smoke.
TASK 1
Please make a dialogue, and in the dialogue should compose by:
a) Expressing feeling
b) Suggesting, requesting and instructing
c) Giving orders, advising and warning
d) Diagnosing
e) Expressing about wishes, hopes, and desires.
f) Language features: suffixes for adjective, adverb of frequency

This section can do by 2 students and should

present in class (role play)
Thanks