Secants, Tangents and Angle Measures

• Find measures of angles formed by lines intersecting on or

inside a circle.
• Find measures of angles formed by lines intersecting
outside the circle.

Water droplet on a CD
INTERSECTIONS ON OR INSIDE A CIRCLE
S B

F
E D

A line that intersects a circle in exactly two points is called

a secant. In the figure above, SF and EF are secants of
the circle.

When two secants intersect inside a circle, the angles

formed are related to the arcs they intercept.
Theorem
If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the
measure of the angle formed is one half the sum of the
measure of the arcs intercepted by the angle and its
vertical angle.

A
D
2
1
B
C
1
Examples: m1  (mAC  mBD)
2
1
m2  (mAD  mBC )
2
Example 1 Secant-Secant Angle

Find m2 if mBC = 30

and mAD = 20 B 30°
A 2 1
20° C
D

E
Example 2 Secant-Secant Angle
F
Find m4 if mFG = 88 88°
and mEH = 76
G
4
3
E
H
76°
A secant can also intercept a tangent at the point of
tangency.
Each angle formed has a measure half that of the arc it
intercepts.

1 B
mABC  mBC A D
2
1
mDBC  mBEC
2 C
E
Theorem
If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency,
then the measure of each angle formed is one half the
measure of the intercepted arc.

1 B
mABC  mBC A D
2
1
mDBC  mBEC
2 C
E
Example 3 Secant-Tangent Angle
Find the mABC if mAB = 102°
D

102°
C
B
Example 4 Secant-Tangent Angle
Find the mRPS if mPT = 114°
and mTS = 136° R
P

Q
S
114° B

T
136°
INTERSECTIONS OUTSIDE A CIRCLE
Secants and tangents can also intersect outside a circle.
The measure of the angle formed also involves half the
measure of the arcs they intercept.
 Theorem
If two secants, a secant and a tangent, or two tangents
intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the
measures of the intercepted arcs.
Two Secants Secant-Tangent Two Tangents

C D D
E
B
B B C C
D
A A A
1 1 1
mA  (mDE  mBC ) mA  (mDE  mBC ) mA  (mBDC  mBC )
2 2 2
Example 5 Secant-Secant Angle
Find x

x°
120° 50°
Example 6 Secant-Secant Angle
Find x

62°
141° x°
Example 7 Secant-Secant Angle
Find x

11° x°

1
11  [(360  x)  x]
2
22  360  2 x
 338  2 x
169  x