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Kaplan Turbines
Kaplan Turbines
Jebba, Nigeria
D0 = 8,5 m
De = 7,1 m *Q = 376 m3/s
Di = 3,1 m *H = 27,6 m
B0 = 2,8 m *P = 96 MW
Machicura, CHILE
*Q = 144 m3/s
*H = 36,7 m
*P = 48 MW
D0 = 7,2 m
De = 4,2 m
Di = 1,9 m
B0 = 1,3 m
Outlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet
draft tube runner runner guide vane guide vane
Hydraulic efficiency
Flow rate Q
Hill chart
u1
v1 u2
c1
c2 v2
u 1 c u1 u 2 c u 2
h
gH
Pressure distribution and
torque
Lift
Drag
L
Torque
Arm
1
FL C L V A
2
1
FD C D V A
2
FLift
FDrag
a v
LChord
4
Blade profile data
CD
CL
Angle of attack
Angle of attack
d
v
Average relative
velocity
Pressure distribution and
torque
Suction side
Pressure side
Single profile
Cascade
1.0
0
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
0
Qn
D d
c1m
2 2
4
Qn 4
D
c1m
Height of the guide vanes
and runner diameter
P
0.7
ns n 54
0.6
H n
d/D
d/D , B0/D
0.5
B0/D
0.4
0.3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
ns
Gap between hub and ring
and the runner blades
0.90
Virkningsgrad
Efficiency
s = x 10-3 d
0.85
0.80
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Spalteåpning
Gap x =1000s/D
Runaway speed
Rusningstall/normalturtall
Runaway speed
Voit h
Cavitation coefficient
kavitasjonskoeffisient
10 H S
H
The figure shows different runaway speed at
different runner blade openings. The runaway speed
is dependent of the cavitation as shown in the figure
Hill chart
Example
• Find the dimensions D, d and Bo
• Given data:
Speed number:
2 g H 2 9,82 16 17,7 m s
n 2 125 2
13,1 rad
60 60 s
13,1 rad
s 0,74 m 1
2 g H 17,7 m
s
3
Q 120 m
Qn s 6,78 m 2
2 g H 17,7 m
s
o
Qn 0,74 6,78 1,93
Diameter, D:
c1m 0,12 0,18 o 0,467
Qn 4 6,78 4
D 4,3 m
c1m 0,467
Diameter, d:
P 22826 Hp
ns n 125rpm 590
H n5 4 16m 54
0.7
0.6
d/D
d/D , B0/D
0.5
B0/D
0.4
0.3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
ns
d
0,45 d D 0,45 1,9 m
D
Height, B:
0.7
0.6
d/D
d/D , B0/D
0.5
B0/D
0.4
0.3
300 400 500 600 700 800 900
ns
BO
0,41 BO D 0,41 1,76 m
D
Number of vanes, z:
l
0,95 Number of blades z
t
z 5