Leadership & Motivation

Leadership & Motivation

 Leadership is the ability of an individual to

influence, motivate, and enable others to
contribute toward the effectiveness and
success of the (groups) of which they are
members

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 A Leadership Story

 A group of workers and their leaders are set a task of

clearing a road through a dense jungle on a remote
island to get to the coast where an estuary provides a
perfect site for a port.
 The leaders organise the labour into efficient units
and monitor the distribution and use of capital assets
– progress is excellent. The leaders continue to
monitor and evaluate progress, making adjustments
along the way to ensure the progress is maintained
and efficiency increased wherever possible.
 Then, one day amidst all the hustle and bustle and
activity, one person climbs up a nearby tree. The
person surveys the scene from the top of the tree.

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 Leadership Story

 And shouts down to the assembled group below…

 “Wrong Way!”
 (Story adapted from Stephen Covey (2004) “The
Seven Habits of Highly Effective People” Simon &
Schuster).
 “Management is doing things right, leadership is
doing the right things”
(Warren Bennis and Peter Drucker)

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 Leadership & Motivation

 Leadership style is the manner and approach

of providing direction, implementing plans,
and motivating people. The early study has
established three major leadership styles.

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 Leadership

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 Leadership Styles

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 Types of Leadership

 Autocratic:
– Leader makes decisions without reference to anyone
else
– High degree of dependency on the leader
– Can create de-motivation and alienation
of staff
– May be valuable in some types of business where
decisions need to be made quickly and decisively

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 Types of Leadership

 Democratic:
 Encourages decision making from different
perspectives – leadership may be
emphasised throughout the organisation

– Consultative: process of consultation before decisions

are taken
– Persuasive: Leader takes decision and seeks to
persuade others that the decision
is correct

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 Types of Leadership

 Democratic:
– May help motivation and involvement
– Workers feel ownership of the firm and its
ideas
– Improves the sharing of ideas
and experiences within the business
– Can delay decision making

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 Types of Leadership

 Laissez-Faire:
– ‘Let it be’ – the leadership responsibilities
are shared by all
– Can be very useful in businesses
where creative ideas are important
– Can be highly motivational,
as people have control over their working life
– Can make coordination and decision making
time-consuming and lacking in overall direction
– Relies on good team work
– Relies on good interpersonal relations

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 Types of Leadership

 Paternalistic:
 Leader acts as a ‘father figure’
 Paternalistic leader makes decision but may
consult
 Believes in the need to support staff

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 Types of Leadership

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 Types of Leadership

 The most challenging aspect of business is

leading and managing change
 The business environment is subject to fast-
paced economic and social change
 Modern business must adapt
and be flexible to survive
 Problems in leading change stem mainly from
human resource management
 Leaders need to be aware of how change
impacts on workers
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 Theories of Leadership

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 Theories of Leadership

 Trait theories:
 Is there a set of characteristics
that determine a good leader?
– Personality?
– Dominance and personal presence?
– Charisma?
– Self confidence?
– Achievement?
– Ability to formulate a clear vision?

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 Theories of Leadership

 Trait theories:
– Are such characteristics
inherently gender biased?
– Do such characteristics
produce good leaders?
– Is leadership more than
just bringing about change?
– Does this imply that leaders are born not
bred?

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 Theories of Leadership

 Trait theories:
– Are such characteristics
inherently gender biased?
– Do such characteristics
produce good leaders?
– Is leadership more than
just bringing about change?
– Does this imply that leaders are born not
bred?

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 Theories of Leadership

 Behavioural:
 Implythat leaders can be trained – focus on
the way of doing things
– Structure based behavioural theories – focus on the
leader instituting structures – task orientated
– Relationship based behavioural theories – focus on
the development and maintenance of relationships –
process orientated

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 Theories of Leadership

 Contingency Theories:
 Leadership as being more flexible – different
leadership styles used at different times
depending on the circumstance.
 Suggests leadership is not a fixed series of
characteristics that can be transposed into
different contexts

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 Theories of Leadership

 May depend on:

– Type of staff
– History of the business
– Culture of the business
– Quality of the relationships
– Nature of the changes needed
– Accepted norms within the institution

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 Theories of Leadership

 Transformational:
– Widespread changes to a business or organisation
 Requires:
– Long term strategic planning
– Clear objectives
– Clear vision
– Leading by example – walk the walk
– Efficiency of systems and processes

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 Theories of Leadership

 Invitational Leadership:
– Improving the atmosphere and message sent out by
the organisation
– Focus on reducing negative messages
sent out through the everyday actions of the business
both externally and, crucially, internally
– Review internal processes to reduce these
– Build relationships and sense of belonging and identity
with the organisation –
that gets communicated to customers, etc.

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 Types of Leadership

 Transactional Theories:
– Focus on the management
of the organisation
– Focus on procedures and efficiency
– Focus on working to rules and contracts
– Managing current issues
and problems

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 Types of Leadership

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 Types of Leadership

 Leadership style may be dependent

on various factors:
– Risk - decision making and change initiatives
based on degree of risk involved
– Type of business – creative business
or supply driven?
– How important change is –
change for change’s sake?
– Organisational culture – may be long embedded
and difficult to change
– Nature of the task – needing cooperation? Direction? Structure?

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 Leadership & Motivation

Motivation:

Motivation is a goal-oriented characteristic

that helps a person achieve his objectives. It
pushes an individual to work hard at
achieving his or her goals.

An executive must have the right leadership

traits to influence motivation.

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 Leadership & Motivation

 In a very simple sense, motivation

Is an effort.
 People who are motivated are willing to exert
high levels of effort toward goals, conditioned
by this effort's ability to satisfy specific
individual needs.
 Management can learn to influence this kind
of effort level by recognizing two important
principles related to motivation.

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 Leadership & Motivation

 The first principle has to do with whether or

not motivation is a personal trait.
– Traits include visible characteristics such as:
– race
– age,
– gender
– hair color,
– weight,
along with other attributes such as personality.

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 Leadership & Motivation

 In general, personal traits are considered to

be fairly stable and enduring, descriptive of
individuals across various situations

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 Leadership & Motivation

 HowTo Motivate Others - Top Tips on

Leadership

– You can’t be a leader without followers,

therefore you have to understand how to
motivate people to buy into your agenda.
– Motivation makes employees act in certain
ways.
– How can you achieve this?

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 Leadership & Motivation

 Understanding people’s motives – their reasons for

doing something is the key to becoming a good
leader.

– One of the main theories relating to motivation is

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. People have needs
– A need is a lack of something- something we want.
This produces the drive and desire which motivates us
to satisfy that need. Satisfying this need, or getting the
thing we want or lack is the goal.

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 Leadership & Motivation

 Maslow’s theory of motivation is called the

“hierarchy of needs”. Maslow believes that people
have five main needs in the following order of
importance:-
 Physiological Needs
i) the need to eat
ii) the need to drink
iii) the need to work
iv) the need to sleep
v) the need to reproduce

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 Leadership & Motivation

 Safety Needs
i) the need for shelter
ii) the need to fell secure
 Belonging Needs
i) the need to feel part of a group
ii) the need for acceptance
 Self-Esteem Needs
i) the need to feel good about themselves
ii) the need to be recognised for their achievement

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 Leadership & Motivation

 Self-Realisation Needs
i) the need for personal fulfilment
ii) the need to grow and develop
 Maslow believes that people would not move on
down this list to be motivated by the next set of
needs until the previous set(s) had been satisfied.
 There are other theories in a similar vein to Maslow.
Another theory catagarises these needs into three
categories:-
• existence needs
• relateness needs
• growth needs

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 Leadership & Motivation

 Motivation People with Existence Needs

• Pay people enough
• Workplace safe and good environment
• Incentives – employee of the month
• Set goals
• Treat people as individuals
• Offer training where possible
Stretch people with new work

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 Leadership & Motivation

 How Do you Know When Staff and Employees are de

motivated
• Increased sickness
• Increased absenteeism
• Late
• Poor quality of work
• Lack of communication
• Attitude
• Frustration

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 Leadership & Motivation

 Why Do People Become de motivated

• Lack of recognition
• Boredom
• Lack of involvement
• Not being listened to
• Lack of encouragement
• Lack of training
• No delegation
• Criticism
• Too much work

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 Leadership & Motivation

 Motivating People with Relatedness Needs

• Show respect
• Delegate – give responsibility
• Give recognition
• Communicate
• Involve people in decision-making
• Encourage ideas
• Praise people
• Get to know people
• Team building days and office away days
• Celebrate success

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 Leadership & Motivation

 Motivating People with Growth Needs

• Offer support to complete new tasks

• Give staff and employees a challenge
• Work should be made interesting
• Encourage people to think for themselves
• Keep people informed
• Ask people what motivates them

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 Leadership & Motivation

If you as the leader or manager can bear these

issues in mind then your own performance and
that of the team will be much improved.

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Thanks