Quantitative Data

Collection Technique
Lesson 12: Practical Research 2

EMJHAY MARCOS TAMANU,Ph.D.

 Quantitative Data
• Data- are pieces of information or facts known by people in this world.

• Quantitative Data- appearing measurable, numerical, and related to a

metrical system.
-these quantitative data become useful only in so far as they
give answers to your research questions.
Techniques in Collecting Quantitative Data
• 1. OBSERVATION
-Using your sense organs.
-you gather facts or information about people by watching and listening
to them.
-you begin to count the number of patients and get the measurement.
- These number from the results should be jotted down in your record
notebook.
Two types of Observation
1. Direct Observation
- seeing, touching, and hearing the sources of data personally you engage
yourself.
2. Indirect Observation
-if you see, and hear them, not through your own eyes and ears but by means
of technological and electronic gadgets used to capture earlier events, images or
sounds.
2. Survey

• A data gathering technique that makes you obtain

facts or information about the subject or object of
your research through the data gathering
instruments of interview or questionnaire.
Questionnaire
• It is a paper containing series of questions formulated for an individual and
independent answering by several respondents for obtaining statistical
information.
Interview
• It makes you ask a set of questions only that, this time you do it orally.
• Oral interview is a traditional way of interviewing.
• The modern ways happen through the use of modern electronic devices.
 Order of Interview Questions
1. First Set of Questions
- Opening questions to establish friendly relationships.(place time, physical
appearance)
2. Second Set of Questions
- Generative questions that encourage open ended questions(views, opinions)
 Order of Interview Questions
3. Third Set of Questions
-directive questions or close ended questions to elicit specific answers
(answerable by yes or no)
4. Fourth set of questions
- Ending questions that give the respondents the chance to air their
satisfaction, wants, likes reactions, dislikes
Guidelines in Formulating Interview Questions
1. Use clear and simple language.
2. Avoid using acronyms, abbreviations, jargons, and highfalutin terms.
3. Let one question elicit only one answer; no double barrel question.
4. Express your point in exact.
5. Give way to how your respondents want themselves to be identified.
6. Establish continuity or free flow of the respondents’ thoughts by using
appropriate follow up questions.
7. Ask questions in a sequential manner.
3. Experiment
• Is a scientific method of collecting data whereby you give the
subjects a sort of treatment or condition then evaluate the results
to find out the manner by which the treatment affected the
subjects and to discover the reasons behind effects of such
treatment on the subjects.
4. Content Analysis
• It makes you search through several oral or written forms of communication
to find answers to your research questions.
Measurement Scales for Quantitative Data
• Measurements of data are expressed in numerical forms form in a
scale or one that consists series of graduated quantities, values,
degrees, numbers, and so on.
 Two categories of scales of measurement
1. Qualitative scales of measurement
a. Nominal scale of measurement- to show the classification of things based
on a certain criterion.
Ex: gender, origin
a. Ordinal scale of measurement- to indicate the rank or hierarchical order of
things.
 Two categories of scales of measurement
2. Quantitative scales of measurement
a. Interval scale – for showing equal differences or intervals
between points on the scale in an arbitrary manner.( attitudes,
inclinations)
b. Ratio scale- they are not exactly the same it give value to zero.
 Answer the following questions briefly but
substantially.
1. When do quantitative data become useful?
2. Why is collecting data a major component of any type of
research?
3. As a researcher, how do you collect quantitative data?
4. What is the importance of sense organs in Observation?
5. What is the difference between a direct and an indirect
observation?
 Answer the following questions briefly but
substantially.
6. Why is survey the most popular data gathering instrument?
7. When can questionnaire be useful in data gathering?
8. Why is there a need for us to avoid acronyms, abbreviations and
the like?
9. What do we mean by “ double barrel question?
10. How is sequential manner of asking questions?