OSH STATE UNIVERSITY

INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL FACULTY

SUBJECT :- MICROBIOLOGY
TOPIC :- STAINING OF SMEARS
SUBMITTED BY :- RAVINA
LALCHANDANI
GROUP :- 3A (2nd Year)
SUBMITTED TO :- SATYBALDIEVA
AIZEREK MAM
 FLAGELLA
STAINING
•Bacteria have two types of locomotory organs and
that are Flagella and pili.
•Here we are studying about flagella staining.
•Flagella is a thin,hair like structure made up protein
called as flagellin.
•It size ranges from 20 µ to 200 µ in length.
•Flagella is one of the most important locomotory
organ .It is mainly made up of three parts- 1) Basal
body 2) Filament 3) Hook.
•Flagella is generally present in rod shape bacteria
and very few cocci shape bacteria posses flagella.
•As flagella are very thin and hair like they cannot
be easily observed under microscope.
•So a special technique is design to increase
thickness of flagella as well as stain it.
•Due to these technique we can observe structure of
flagella easily under microscope
 SPORES STAINING
• Members of the anaerobic
genera Clostridium and Desulfotomaculum and the aerobic
genus Bacillus are examples of organisms that have the capacity to
exist either as metabolically active vegetative cells or as highly
resistant, metabolically inactive cell types called spores.
• When environmental conditions become unfavorable for continuing
vegetative cellular activities, particularly with the exhaustion of a
nutritional carbon source, these cells have the capacity to undergo
sporogenesis and give rise to a new intracellular structure called the
endospore, which is surrounded by impervious layers called spore
coats. As conditions continue to worsen, the endospore is released from
the degenerating vegetative cell and becomes an independent cell
called a free spore. Because of the chemical composition of spore
layers, the spore is resistant to the damaging effects of excessive heat,
freezing, radiation, desiccation, and chemical agents, as well as to the
commonly employed microbiological stains. With the return of favorable
environmental conditions, the free spore may revert to a metabolically
active and less resistant vegetative cell through germination. It should
be emphasized that sporogenesis and germination are not
means of reproduction but merely mechanisms that ensure cell survival
under all environmental conditions.
STAINING OF CYTOPLASMIC
INCLUSIONS
• Cytoplasmic inclusions are
diverse intracellular non-living
substances that are not able to
carry out any metabolic activity
and are not bound by
membranes. Inclusions are
stored nutrients, secretory
products, and pigment
granules.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Ananthnarayan & Paniker’s
Textbook
• www.microbiologyscience.com
• www.smearspreparationtechniqu
es.com
THANK YOU