PRESENTED BY: GUIDED BY:

Trupti Rani Parida Miss Smaranika Sundar Ray

Branch – I.T
Roll. No - 31
CONTENTS :
1. INTRODUCTION
2. COMPONENTS
3. TYPES
4. WORKING PRINCIPLE
5. APPLICATIONS
6. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 LIDAR
TECHNOLOGY
1. INTRODUCTION TO LIDAR
TECHNOLOGY :

 LIDAR stands for Light Detection And Ranging.

 It is a Renate sensing method that uses leaser light to measure ranges
to the earth.
 These light pulses combined with other data recorded by the
airborne system generates precise, three dimensional information
about the shape of the Earth and it’s surface characteristics.
2. COMPONENTS :
A complete lidar system is made up of several components. All of the
components work together to generate, record and georeference the
data. The components used in LIDAR system are :

 Lidar source, Detector & scanning mechanism

 Timing Electronic
 Global positioning system or GPS
 Inertia measurement unit or IMU
 Computer
LIDAR SOURCE, DETECTOR & SCANNING
MECHANISM :
 The laser source generates the energy of the pulses.
 The lasers used in lidar system are low energy & are eye safe.
 The laser detector or reciever detects the laser light pulses that are reflected
back from the target objects.
 The scanning mechanism is designed to generate a consistent stream of leaser
pulses.
 The pulses are reflected off of a mirror.
TIMING ELECTRONICS :

TIMING ELECTRONIC :

The timing electronics

records the exact time the laser
pulse leaves & returns to the
scanner.
GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM :
• The GPS records the precise x, y, z
location of the scanner.
• The GPS together with the IMU allow
for the direct georeferencing of the
points.

INERTIA MEASUREMENT UNIT

:
The data collected from GPS & IMU is
used to determine the precise angle and
location of the lidar system to ensure the
distances to surfaces are correctly
calculated.
3. TYPES :
There are two basic types of lidar. They are :
(1) Airborn
In airborne lidar, the system is installed in either a fixed-wing aircraft or helicopter.
It is of two types-
 Topographic Lidar
 Bathymetric Lidar
(2) Terrestrial Lidar
These are used to manage facilities, conduct highway & rail surveys.
It is of two types-
 Mobile
 Static
 TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR :
Topographic Lidar can be used
to derive surface models for use
in many applications, such as
forestry, hydrology,
geomorphology, survey
assessments etc.
BATHYMETRIC
LIDAR:
Bathymetric lidar is a
type of airborn acquisition
that is water penetrating.
This type of lidar is
mainly used near
coastlines, in harbors, and
near shores and banks.
It is also used to locate
objects on the ocean floor.
 MOBILE LIDAR :

• Mobile Lidar is the

collection of lidar point
clouds from a moving
platform.
• It typically consist all the
components of a airborne
lidar system.
 STATIC LIDAR :

• It is the collection of lidar point

clouds from a static location.
• Common applications for this type
of lidar are Engineering, Mining,
Surveying & Archaeology
4. WORKING PRINCIPLE :
Light detection and ranging is a similar technology to radar, using laser
instead of radio wave.
The principle on which the lidar works is-
 By emitting a laser pulse on the surface.
 Catching the reflected laser back to the lidar pulse source with sensors.
 Measuring the time laser travelled
 Calculating the distance from source with the
distance formula - speed of light × time elapsed
2
5. APPLICATIONS :
 By using lidar in AR it enhances the clarity & final output by offering
high quality 3D mapping.
 LIDAR are used in the autonomous vehicle as it looks at the
surroundings of the vehicle, and avoid collisions by measuring the
distance between a car and any other car in front of it.
 LIDAR surveying is used in the fields of construction, urban
planning & examining the topography of a region.
 Because of extraordinary detailing LIDAR is used to unearth old
archeological sites.
 6. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES :
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Data can be collected quickly and  High operating costs in some
with high accuracy. applications.
 Can be used day & night.  Ineffective during heavy rain or low
hanging clouds.
 It can be integrated with other data  Very large datasets that are difficult
sources. to interpret.
 Requires skilled data analysis
 It has minimum human dependence.
techniques.