CHAPTER

II:
UNPACKI
NG THE
SELF
Lesson
1.
The Physical and Sexual Self

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LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should
be able to: 4. characterize the diversity of sexual
behavior;

1. discuss the developmental aspect

of the reproductive system;
5. describe sexually transmitted diseases; and

2. describe the erogenous zones;

6. differentiate natural and artificial methods of

3. explain human sexual behavior; contraception.

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SEX CHROMOSOMES

Chromosome XX Chromosome XY Type

Female Homogametic

Heterogameti
Male
c

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 SECONDARY SEX
CHARACTERISTICS
ARE FEATURES
THAT APPEAR
DURING PUBERTY IN
HUMANS.

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Secondary sexual cha
racteristics
Male Secondary Sexual Characteristics Female Secondary Sexual Characteristics

growth of body hair growth of body hair

enlargement of larynx enlargement of breasts

broadening of shoulders smaller waist; wider hips

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ELAINE NICPON MARIE
B
× In 2001, she explained that the gonads (reproductive
glands that produce the gametes; testis or ovary)
begin to form until about the eighth week of
embryonic development.

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STAGES
Human growth
And development

Zygote Embryo Fetus Infant

Adolescent Preadolescent Child Toddler

Young adult Middle adult Old adult

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STAGES OF HUMAN G
ROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT

embryo fetus
zygote

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 bryonic development
(initiAL STAGES)

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ANY INTERVENTION
WITH THE NORMAL
PATTERN OF SEX
HORMONE
PRODUCTION IN
THE EMBRYO
RESULTS IN
STRANGE
ABNORMALITIES.

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STRANGE ABNORMAL
ITIES
GENETIC MALE GENETIC FEMALE

If a genetic female is exposed to

A genetic male develops testosterone (as in the case of the
the female accessory mother with androgen-producing
tumor of the adrenal gland), the
structures and external embryo has ovaries but may
genetalia if the develop male accessory ducts and
embryonic testes fail to glands, as well as a male
reproductive organ and an empty
produce testosterone. scrotum.

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pseudohermaphroditis
m
× Pseudohermaphroditism is an old
clinical term for an organism that is
born with primary sex characteristics
of one sex but develops the secondary
sex characteristics that are different
from what would be expected on the
basis of the gonadal tissue (ovary or
testis).
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HERMAPHRODITISM
HERMAPHRODITE

× A hermaphrodite is a person (or plant or animal)

that has both male and female sexual organs.

× Hermaphrodites are rare. This happens to a small

number of people who have the reproductive organs of
both men and women.

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15
MALE
REPROD
UCTIVE
SYSTEM
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FEMALE
REPRODUCTI
VE
SYSTEM
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cryptorchidism
× a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to
descend from the abdomen into the scrotum

× This condition usually occurs in young males and

causes sterility (which is also a risk factor for cancer of
the testes) that is why surgery is usually performed
during childhood to solve this problem.

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PHIMOSIS
× due to a narrowing of the foreskin
of the male reproductive structure
and misplaced urethral openings

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PUBERTY
Puberty is the period of life, generally between the ages of
10 and 15 years old, when the reproductive organs grow
to their adult size and become functional under the
influence of rising levels of gonadal hormones
(testosterones in males and estrogens in females).

After this time, reproductive capability continues until old

age in males and menopause in females.

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MENARCHE
× Menarche is the first menstrual period of females
which happens two years after the start of puberty

MEN ARCHĒ +
NEW (LATIN) BEGINNING
(GREEK)

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DISEASES
ASSOCIATED
WITH THE
REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM

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INFECTIONS

Infections are the most common

problems associated with the
reproductive system in adults.

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VAGINAL INFECTIONS
The usual infections include:

× those caused by Escherichia coli which spread through the

digestive tract
× the sexually transmitted microorganisms such as syphilis,
gonorrhea, and herpes virus; and yeast (a type of fungus)

Vaginal infections that are left untreated may spread throughout the
female reproductive tract and may cause pelvic inflammatory disease
and sterility.

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Sexual DISEASES
In males, the most common inflammatory conditions
are:

× Prostatitis
× Urethritis
× Epididymitis

All of which may follow sexual contacts in which sexually transmitted

disease (STD) microorganisms are transmitted.

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Sexual Diseases
× ORCHIDITIS or inflammation of the testes.

× Neoplasms are a major threat to reproductive organs.

× Tumors of the breast and cervix are the most common

reproductive cancers in adult females.

× Prostate cancer (a common sequel to prostatic hypertrophy) is a

widespread problem in adult males.

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MENOPAUSAL STAGE
× Menopause – occurs when females no longer experience
menstruation

× The production of estrogen may still continue after menopause

but the ovaries will finally stop functioning as endocrine organs.

× Consequences of estrogen deficiency may also be observed

including:
× irritability and other mood changes; intense vasodilation; gradual
thinning of the skin; loss of bone mass; slowly rising blood
cholesterol levels

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EROGENOUS ZONE
It refers to the parts of the body that are primarily receptive and
increase sexual arousal when touched in a sexual manner.

Some of the commonly known erogenous zones:

mouth, breasts, genitals, anus

Other common areas of the body that can be aroused easily:

Neck, thighs, abdomen, feet

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HUMAN SEXUAL BEHA
VIOR
× Human sexual behavior is defined as
any activity—solitary, between two
persons, or in a group—that induces
sexual arousal (Gebhard, P.H. 2017).

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TYPES OF BEHAVIOR

Solitary Sociosexual
Behavior Behavior

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COITUS
× Coitus, the insertion of the male reproductive
structure into the female reproductive organ. Is
viewed by society quite differently depending
upon the marital status of the individuals.
Majority of human societies allow premarital
coitus, at least under certain circumstances.

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PHYSIOLOGY OF HUM
AN SEXUAL
RESPONSE

Exciteme Plateau Sexual Resolutio

nt Phase Phase Climax n Phase

Sexual response follows a pattern of sequential stages or

phases when sexual activity is continued.

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NERVOUS SYSTEM FAC
TORS
The entire nervous system plays a significant role during sexual
response. The autonomic system is involved in controlling the
involuntary responses.

The hypothalamus and the limbic system are the parts of the
brain believed to be responsible for regulating the sexual
response, but there is no specialized “sex center” that has been
located in the human brain.

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SEXUAL PROBLEMS
may be classified as
Physiological,
psychological, and
social IN origin.

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SEXUAL PROBLEMS
× Physiological Problems
× Psychological Problems
× Premature emission of semen
× Ejaculatory Impotence
× Vaginismus

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 Std

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Sexually transmitted
diseases
1. Chlamydia
2. Gonorrhea
3. Syphilis
4. Chancroid
5. Human Papillomavirus
6. Herpes Simplex Virus
7. Trichomonas Vaginalis

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Human papillomaviru
s
× ×

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 Chlamydia
×

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Gonorrhea

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Syphillis

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Chancroid

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Herpes simples virus
×

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Trichomonas vaginalis

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Safe sex always!!
× Sex is awesome
when it’s safe

× Don’t be like this

man
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 use
contraceptives

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CONTRACE
PTION
Natural and Artificial Methods of
Contraception

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NATURAL METHODS
× Abstinence
× Calendar Method
× Basal Body Temperature
× Cervical Mucus Method
× Symptothermal Method
× Ovulation Detection
× Coitus Interruptus

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ARTIFICIAL METHODS
× Oral Contraceptives
× Transdermal Patch
× Vaginal Ring
× Subdermal Implants
× Hormonal Injections
× Intrauterine Device (IUD)
× Chemical Barriers

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ARTIFICIAL METHODS
× Diaphragm
× Cervical Cap
× Male Condoms
× Female Condoms
× Surgical Methods

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52
THAN
KS!
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