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Prof. Cem B. Avcı

Bosphorus University
Civil Engineering Department
Istanbul Turkey
4"|"||

v u
etail Stores
v Multinationals (BP
Shell
Total %u
v 
Underground Storage Tanks
v Mature Sector
v Privately Owned Licenses (9%
v Standards for etail Store Construction & Operations Upgraded
in 2 
v Low Focus of Public Authority for Environmental Concerns
v Urban Settings

v Concern for Safety

v Challenges for emediation (expensive-effectiveness
#|"4$

v Environmental Management System (EMS planning tool that

may prevent unacceptable operational risks associated with the
activities undertaken.
v isk management tool in Petroleum etail Stores with
³prevention is better than cure´ philosophy
v Enhancement to existing environmental protections and planning
presently implemented at the retail sites.
v Flexibility taking into account specific industry initiatives as well
as site conditions ensuring that company based minimum
environmental considerations could be integrated into business
decisions in a systematic way.
"$

Environmental Policy is the basis for the EMS implementation

and the approach to environmental performance

v To conduct activities in manner that is environmentally

responsible with the aspiration of ³no damage to the
environment´.
v Seek to drive down the environmental impact of its operations
by reducing waste
emissions and discharges and by using
energy efficiently.
 %#

Policy forms the framework of the Environmental Objectives. Likely

objectives would be

v Compliance with all local environmental laws
regulations and

site specific conditions of authorization
together with the setting
of self-imposed responsible standards to achieve higher
standards
v Continuous control
assessment and review of environmental
risks associated with all performances and subsequent
improvements
v Continuously improve the environmental awareness of
employees
contractors and customers
v educe waste
emissions and discharges and improve efficiency
of natural resources and energy usage.
|4

Environmental Targets identified to achieve the environmental

objectives. Actions should be taken and subsequently followed up

assessed to achieve these targets. Likely targets would be

v Prevent unacceptable environmental risks associated with

operational facilities
v Minimize unwanted events
v Complete actions related to environmental risk prevention in time
v Complete the planned maintenance and training in time
v Maintain costs for energy for every u liters of product
below_____
v Maintain water usage for every u liters of product sold below
_____
 |4&

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Identify and approve
 the Environmental Policy and Objectives.
|

 
 
Keep risk
assessments up-to-date. Compare the risk-control
mechanisms for the station esponsible for starting
R
 and following up actions. Plan and implement six
R

 month station field audits.
(


 
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'
!
) *
 
+
RRR eview the implementation of the requirements of
R
an EMS. Perform spot training. Follow unwanted
 
actions and undertake the necessary improvements
R ,  
Field auditors to undertake and
prepare reports for audits under the supervision of
the EMS coordinator once every six months

  
 
EMS system auditors to
'
undertake and prepare reports for EMS audit under
the coordination of the EMS coordinators once
R every six months
 R R 
 '
esponsible for following
procedures for activities based on written
documentation and internal training
inform the
clients and contractors


esponsible for following procedures
related to their work as written in the Contractor
HSE equirements for company
"
v Environmental egulations and Legislative Changes
v Activities Performed (normal and unwanted events
v Environmental isk Assessment (EA

v Identifying potential impacts for soil
ground water
surface water and air
quality of operating a petroleum retail store using source pathway
receptor point of view
v Preventative measures taken for unacceptable risks (include the
training
inspection and level of readiness of the personnel.

v Audits
v Assessments
|- &
 

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u. Fuel Forecourt Area
2. LPG Forecourt Area
3. Fuel tank area
. LPG tank area
. Car Wash
6. Market-offices
7. Support facilities
8. Waste storage area

  u
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A 2 year old
2
lt capacity single skin tank with no corrosion

protection
no automated tank gaging system in place located within
a highly corrosive soil environment is very likely to have a
catastrophic leak occurrence resulting in loss of greater than u

lt of product.
On the other hand
a double skinned u year old tank with an
interstitial monitoring system and automated gaging system will be
unlikely to have a large leakage occurrence.
|. /
 

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Impact Confirmed Impact High isk Impact Medium isk Low isk Impact
Scenario Impact

Air Media Explosive levels or acute Potential explosive Toxic levels for Non toxic levels for
health effects levels or receptors receptors in
in residential or other acute health effects in in residential or residential or other
buildings residential or other other buildings Buildings
building
Ambient levels exceed
concentrations of concern
from acute
exposure or safety
viewpoint

Explosive levels are

present in
subsurface utility
 |.'



 
 
Impact Confirmed Impact High isk Impact Medium isk Impact Low isk Impact
Scenario

Subsurface Soil Contaminant large enough to Soil Contaminant large enough Soil contaminant large Soil contaminant below levels to
Soil cause air media confirmed impact to cause air media high risk enough to create toxic cause non toxic levels for
classification . impact classification levels for receptors in receptors in residential and other
residential and other buildings
buildings Subsurface > 6 cm below ground
Subsurface > 6 cm is significantly impacted and first
below ground is potable aquifer is u m and
significantly impacted and above condition valid
first potable aquifer less
than u m

Surface Free product on surface of water Impacted surface water
storm Impacted surface water

Water body and utilities water
or ground water storm water
or ground
Bodies- discharges < u m from water discharges <  m
Utilities surface water body used for from surface water body
drinking water supply used for drinking water
Supply

Sensitive A sensitive habitat or sensitive Impacted surface water
storm Impacted surface water

Habitat resources are impacted and affected water
or ground water storm water
or ground
discharges within u m from water discharges within
sensitive habitat u m from sensitive
Habitat

Surface Soil Free product on surface soil Contaminated soil open to
public access and dwellings

parks
playgrounds
day care
centers schools or similar use
are within u m from soils
Contaminated soil open to
public access and
dwellings
parks

playgrounds
day care
centers schools or similar
use are within  m from
soils
 |.'



 
 
Impact Confirmed Impact
Scenario
Air Media Explosive levels or acute health
effects in residential or other building
Ambient levels exceed
concentrations of concern from acute
exposure or safety viewpoint
Explosive levels are present in
subsurface utility
Ground water Active public water supply well line is
impacted or threatened immediately
Free product present in non supply
well in or outside of the property
Potable and nonpotable water supply
well impacted or immediately
threatened to cause acute effect on
receptors
High isk Impact
Potential explosive levels or
acute health effects in
residential or other building
Groundwater impacted and
public water supply well from
the aquifer is located within 2
year projection
Ground water impacted and
water supply well from the
aquifer is located within 2 year
projection with potentially acute
levels on receptors
Groundwater impacted and
public-domestic potable water
supply well from the aquifer is
located in different interval
within plume
Potable and non potable water
supply well is impacted to
cause toxic levels on receptors
or immediately threatened
Medium isk Impact
Toxic levels for receptors
in residential or
other buildings
Groundwater impacted
and public water supply
well from the aquifer is
located greater than 2
year projection
Groundwater impacted
and water supply well
from the aquifer is located
greater than 2 year
projection with toxic levels
on receptors
Groundwater impacted
and non potable
producing well from the
aquifer is located in
different interval within
plume
Low isk Impact
Non toxic levels for receptors in
residential or other buildings
Non potable aquifer with no
existing local use impacted
Groundwater impacted and non
potable wells located wells are
located down gradient outside the
known extent of chemicals of
concern and they produce from
non impacted zone
Water supply well impacted not
above toxic levels on receptors
|.|

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Environmental targets should have following basis

Take necessary control against confirmed impact independent of the

likelihood class
Take necessary control against medium and high risk impacts for very
likely and likely unwanted events
Take necessary control against high risk impact and unlikely unwanted
events
|.  
 

Available controls based on the following hierarchy

 Prevent the occurrence of unacceptable unwanted events

 Monitor-measure whether the unwanted event has occurred
 Mitigation measures following the occurrence of unwanted
events.

The control group means

 Presence of written procedures/Implementation effectiveness

 Training - Maintenance
 Infrastructure / Equipment standards for prevention and
detection systems based on operational practices for tank
release prevention and detection
product pipework
vapor
pipework
sumps and chambers (European standards for
Leak Detection system prEN u3u6 regulations
|.  
 
|- 


Station construction u996
Surface area  328 m2
Location Commercial district / Istanbul

Site energy usage Electricity

Water supply Public water main and on site
caisson well total of  tons/day
Chemical use 
Car wash detergents
Surface wash detergents
Anti freeze products
Fuel additive products
Engine oil (small plastic containers
Chemicals stored in enclosed room
MSDS sheets not available
Secondary containment not present
|- 


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PEVENTION IS BETTE THAN THE CUE

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