CHILDREN

WITH MENTAL
RETARDATION
PRESENTED BY:
MEGGAN CABALU * CINDY FIGUEROA
SARA MAE SENORIO
BTVTED CP- 2A
WHAT IS MENTAL
RETARDATION?
It is a developmental It has an intellectual
disability that first functioning level that
appears in children is well below average
under the age of 18 and significant
and persists limitations in daily
throughout life. living skills.

It has an IQ
score below 70
to 75.
TYPES OF MENTAL RETARDATION
IQ: 50-75 IQ: 35-55

Mild mental retardation Moderate mental retardation

TYPES OF MENTAL RETARDATION
IQ: 20-40 IQ: 20-25

Severe mental Profound mental retardation

retardation
 CHARACTERISTICS:
Cognitive Functioning
Difficulty generalizing
what they have learned
Poor memory

Slow learning
rates Lack of motivation

Attention
problems
 CHARACTERISTICS:
Memory

Difficulty remembering
information

More severe in cognitive

impairment

Have greater deficits in

memory
 CHARACTERISTICS:
Learning rate
Acquire new
knowledge and skills
well below
 CHARACTERISTICS:
Attention

Difficulty in acquiring,
Difficulty sustaining
May focus on distracting remembering, and
attention to learning
irrelevant stimuli generalizing new
tasks
knowledge and skills.
 CHARACTERISTICS:
Generalization in Learning

Have trouble
using their new
knowledge and
skills in settings or
situations
 CHARACTERISTICS:
Motivation

Lack of interests in
learning or
problem solving
tasks

Helplessness
CHARACTERISTICS:
Behavior
Substantial deficits in
adaptive behavior
Limitations in self care skills
Limitations in social
relationships

Behavioral excesses
 CHARACTERISTICS:
Self-care and Daily Living Skills

Must often be taught

basic self care skills

Often require training

in self management
skills
 CHARACTERISTICS:
Social Development
Limited cognitive
processing skills

Poor language
development

Unusual or inappropriate
behaviors
 CHARACTERISTICS:
Behavioral Excess and Challenging Behavior

Difficulties accepting criticisms

Limited self-control

Bizarre

Inappropriate behaviors such

as aggression or self injury
 CHARACTERISTICS:
Positive Attributes
Tenacity and curiosity
in learning
Get along well with
others

Having positive
influences
Causes of Mental Retardation

Prenatal Perinatal Postnatal

causes causes causes
 Prenatal Causes
Infection and intoxication

Drug Usage
Chronic Blood type Rh
during
Maternal Illness incompatibility
pregnancy
 Prenatal Causes

• Infection and
intoxication
- Infections during
pregnancy can cause
mental retardation.
Prenatal Causes
• Drug Usage during
pregnancy
- Including legal and non-
prescriptive drugs such as
alcohol and tobacco
illegal substance.
 Prenatal Causes
• Chronic Maternal
Illness such as diabetes,
kidney disease, thyroid
deficiency and
hypertension may affect
nutritional environment
of the fetus
Prenatal Causes
• Blood type Rh
incompatibility between
fetus and mother in
pregnancies after the first
may also cause maternal
antibodies to damage the
fetus and also other maternal
illnesses metabolism.
 Prenatal Causes
Chromosomal Abnormalities

Down syndrome Phenylketonuria Fragile X

disorder (PKU) Syndrome
 Prenatal Causes
• Down syndrome, a
genetic disorder,
occurs when there
are 47 chromosomes
instead of the normal
46.
Prenatal Causes
• Phenylketonuria
disorder (PKU). This
is the result of the
specific absence of
enzyme in the liver
leads to build up of
amino acid
Phenylalanine.
Prenatal Causes
• Fragile X Syndrome.
Affecting primarily
males which is the result
of the constriction near
the end of the long
arm of the X
chromosomes.
Prenatal Causes
Unknown Parental Influences
 Prenatal Causes
• Unknown Parental
Influences
- This may be
transparent in the
case of hydrocephalus
and microcephaly
which are not fully
understood.
 Perinatal Causes

Gestational Birth injuries, Anoxia

Disorders and Aphasia
Perinatal Causes

Gestational Disorders.
These refers to factors of
mental retardation such
as low birth weight.
 Perinatal Causes

Birth injuries, Anoxia

and Aphasia -
partial list of injuries
may happen during
birth and cause
mental retardation.
 Postnatal Causes
• Child Abuse and Neglect
 Postnatal Causes

•Gross Brain
Disease
Postnatal Causes

•Psychiatric
Disorder
6. Open up the
learner’s 1. Develop
opportunities to Educational help the learner’s
develop social
skills.
for Learners with language
Mental skills
5. Show the
Retardation:
learner’s how 2. Make
to adjust to mathematics
new scenarios. lessons
manageable
to the
4. Make the
3. Increase the learner’s learners.
learner’s
memory attention span.
mechanisms.
How to improve its signs?
1. Poor Memory 6. Lack of Basic Skills
2. Slow Learner 7. Poor Socialization
3. Easily Distracted 8. Challenging
4. Inability to behavior
Generalize
5. Lack of
Independence