Frederick Winslow Taylor was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is considered the father of scientific management. Some of his key contributions include developing time and motion studies to analyze work tasks, implementing differential piece rate pay to motivate workers, and publishing his principles of scientific management in 1911 which emphasized applying scientific analysis to management decisions. His ideas were highly influential but also faced criticism for being too focused on efficiency at the expense of workers' well-being.
Frederick Winslow Taylor was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is considered the father of scientific management. Some of his key contributions include developing time and motion studies to analyze work tasks, implementing differential piece rate pay to motivate workers, and publishing his principles of scientific management in 1911 which emphasized applying scientific analysis to management decisions. His ideas were highly influential but also faced criticism for being too focused on efficiency at the expense of workers' well-being.
Frederick Winslow Taylor was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is considered the father of scientific management. Some of his key contributions include developing time and motion studies to analyze work tasks, implementing differential piece rate pay to motivate workers, and publishing his principles of scientific management in 1911 which emphasized applying scientific analysis to management decisions. His ideas were highly influential but also faced criticism for being too focused on efficiency at the expense of workers' well-being.
VVIT- Nambur- Amaravathi Biography • Frederick Winslow Taylor was born on March 20, 1856 in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. • His father, Franklin Taylor, a Princeton-educated lawyer, built his wealth on mortgages. • Taylor's mother was Emily Annette Winslow, an ardent abolitionist • His mother's ancestor, Edward Winslow, one of the original Mayflower Pilgrims served for many years as the Governor of the Plymouth colony. • On May 3, 1884, Taylor married Louise M. Spooner of Philadelphia. • He died on March 21, 1915 Education • Educated early by his mother, Taylor studied for two years in France and Germany and travelled Europe for 18 months. • In 1872, he entered Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire planning to eventually go to Harvard and becoming a lawyer like his father • In 1874, Taylor passed the Harvard entrance examinations with honors. However, due allegedly to rapidly deteriorating eyesight he chose quite a different path. • Taylor became a student of Stevens Institute of Technology, studying via correspondence ,obtaining a degree in mechanical engineering in 1883. • On October 19, 1906, Taylor was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Science by the University of Pennsylvania. Career • While doing his degree he became an apprentice patternmaker and machinist, at Enterprise Hydraulic Works in Philadelphia (a pump-manufacturing company ). • Taylor finished his four-year apprenticeship and in 1878 became a machine-shop laborer at Midvale Steel Works. • In between for six months he represented a group of New England machine-tool manufacturers at Philadelphia's centennial exposition. • At Midvale, he was quickly promoted to time clerk, journeyman machinist, gang boss over the lathe hands, machine shop foreman, research director, and finally chief engineer of the works (while maintaining his position as machine shop foreman). • Taylor eventually became a professor at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College. Career • From 1890 until 1893 Taylor worked as a general manager and a consulting engineer to management for the Manufacturing Investment Company of Philadelphia, a company that operated large paper mills in Maine and Wisconsin. • In 1893, Taylor opened an independent consulting practice in Philadelphia. He described himself as "Consulting Engineer - Systematizing Shop Management and Manufacturing Costs a Specialty". Through his consulting experiences, Taylor perfected his management system. • In 1898 he joined Bethlehem Steel in order to solve an expensive machine-shop capacity problem. He left Bethlehem Steel in 1901 after discord with other managers. Contributions • After leaving Bethlehem Steel, Taylor focused the rest of his career on publicly promoting his management and machining methods through lecturing, writing, and consulting. • In fact we can safely say that he was one of the first management consultants and his ideas were highly influential in the Progressive Era (1890s-1920s). • Taylor sought to improve industrial efficiency and is considered the Father of Scientific Management. • First man in recorded history who deemed work deserving of systematic observation and study • In 1910, owing to the Eastern Rate Case, Taylor and his Scientific Management methodologies become famous worldwide. Contributions • Future US Supreme Court justice Louis Brandeis coined the term scientific management in the course of his argument for the Eastern Rate Case before the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1910. Brandeis argued that railroads, when governed according to Taylor's principles, did not need to raise rates to increase wages. • Taylor summed up his efficiency techniques in his 1911 book The Principles of Scientific Management. • His pioneering work in applying engineering principles to work done on the factory floor was instrumental in creating and developing the branch of science known as industrial engineering. Scientific Management • Taylor based his Scientific Management philosophy on 4 principles: – Apply scientific management principles replacing rule-of- thumb to get best method of work – Scientific selection of workers to find the best fit – Scientific education and development of worker – detailed instruction & supervision of each worker – Intimate, friendly relations between management and labour. Scientific Management • Using time study as his base he broke each job into component parts and designed quickest and best methods of performance • He is most remembered for developing the stopwatch time study, which combined with Frank Gilbreth's motion study methods, later became the field of time and motion study. He broke a job into its component parts and measured each to the hundredth of a minute. • Pay more to more productive workers to motivate them- differential rate system People influenced by Taylor • H. L. Gantt developed the Gantt chart, a visual aid for scheduling tasks and displaying flow of work. • Harrington Emerson introduced his theories to the railroad industry, and proposed dichotomy of staff versus line employees, with the former advising the latter. • Morris Cooke adapted scientific management to educational and municipal organizations. • Hugo Münsterberg created industrial psychology. • Harlow S. Person, dean of Dartmouth's Amos Tuck School of Administration and Finance, promoted his teachings. People influenced by Taylor • James O. McKinsey, professor of accounting at University of Chicago and founder of the McKinsey consulting group, advocated budgets as a means of assuring accountability and measuring performance. • In France, Le Chatelier translated Taylor's work and introduced scientific management in government owned plants during World War I. • Taylor influenced the French theorist Henri Fayol, whose 1916 Administration Industrielle et Générale emphasized organizational structure in management. • In USSR, Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin incorporated his ideas into manufacturing. Drawbacks of system • According to Mintzberg focus on efficiency allows measureable benefits to overshadow less quantifiable social benefits completely and social values are ignored. • Transferring control over production from workers to management and the division of labor into simple tasks, intensified the alienation of workers that had begun with the factory system of production around 1870–1890 • People feared that the jobs would be exhausted and managers exploited workers • His workers earned substantially more than those under conventional management and this earned him enemies among the owners of those factories. Extra Curricular Activities • Taylor was an athlete who competed nationally in tennis and golf. • He and Clarence Clark won the inaugural United States National tennis doubles championship at Newport Casino in 1881 • In the 1900 Summer Olympics, Taylor finished fourth in golf. Published works Books • 1903, 1911. Shop management, by Frederick Winslow Taylor ... New York, London, Harper & Brothers. • 1911. The Principles of Scientific Management. New York and London, Harper & brothers. • 1911. A treatise on concrete, plain and reinforced: materials, construction, and design of concrete and reinforced concrete. New York, J. Wiley & Sons. • 1912. Concrete costs. New York, J. Wiley & Sons. Published Works Articles, a selection: • 1893. "Notes on Belting," Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. XV. • 1895. "A Piece-rate System" in: The adjustment of wages to efficiency; three papers .... • 1903. "Shop management," Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers 24: 1337-480 • 1906. "On the Art of Cutting Metals," Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. XXVIII.
Totally he authored 42 patents
Taylors Activism • Taylor was president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) from 1906 to 1907. • The Taylor Society was founded in 1912 by Taylor's allies to promote his values and influence. • In 1936 the Society merged with the Society of Industrial Engineers, forming the Society for Advancement of Management, which still exists today. Thank you