GAZIANTEP UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
ELECTRIC ELECTRONIC DEP.

Cascade H-bridge multilevel Converter

Supervised
Prof. Dr. Ergun Ercelebi
Prepared by :
Omar kanaan noori Al Basri
Outline

• Introduction

• The inverter

• Types of inverter

• Multi level inverter

 conversion power is an initial process and play a
fundamental rule to produce the kind of energy which
the client needs , and to produce the energy to the
regions which is far away from the cities and
transmission lines so in this case renewable energy will
take its place as natural energy source actually (direct
current energy source ) conversion may be accrue in
two forms alternating current to direct current
(rectifying )or the reverse process from direct current
to alternating current (inverting ). So in our case we
will focus in inverting process which mean direct
current to alternating current .
  The inverter
Inverter is power electronic device or circuit
which can convert the direct current to alternating
current , it is input may be one of any dc source
like (batteries ,pv panel ,wind energy , capacitors
etc. ) and it is out put have its amplitude and
frequency and the shape of the out put wave
depends on the internal structure of the inverter
circuit for example pure sine wave modified sine
wave square sine wave.
 . 1- two level inverter .
 2- multi-level inverter .and it is consist of
four types
 1-dide clamped multi level inverter

 2- flying capacitor multi-level inverter.

 3-cascade h bridge multi level inverter .

 4- modular multi level inverter .

So our concern will be on our subject ( multi

level inverter )
  Mostly a two-level inverter is used in order to generate the AC voltage from DC
voltage
 A two-level Inverter creates two different voltages for the load---
If Input Voltage is Vdc
Then it produces output as +Vdc/2 AND –Vdc/2 based on switching of power
devices.
 This method of generating AC output seems to be Effective but posses
following drawbacks:
• High Harmonic Distortion in Output Voltage.
• High dv/dt.

3-Phase two Level Inverter 2-Level Line Voltage Output Waveform

(one leg)
6
 CONCEPT OF MULTI-LEVEL INVERTER
 In order to create a smoother stepped
output waveform, more than two voltage
levels are combined together and the
output waveform obtained in this case has
lower dv/dt and also lower harmonic
distortions.
 Smoothness of the waveform is
proportional to the voltage levels, as we
increase the voltage level the waveform
becomes smoother but the complexity of
controller circuit and components also
increase.
  .

2-Level output 3-Level Output 5-Level Output

 MULTI LEVEL INVERTER TOPOLOGIES
CASCADE H-BRIGDE MULTI LEVEL INVERTER
 Each cell contains one H-bridge and the output voltage generated by this multilevel inverter is
actually the sum of all the voltages generated by each cell i.e. if there are k cells in a H-bridge
multilevel inverter then number of output voltage levels will be 2k+1.

Advantages of Cascade H Bridge Multilevel Inverters

• Output voltages levels are doubled the number of
sources
• Manufacturing can be done easily and quickly
• Packaging and Layout is modularized.
• Cheap

Disadvantages of Cascade H Bridge Multilevel Inverters

• Every H Bridge needs a separate dc source.
• Limited applications due to large number of sources.

fig (3)
 A REVIEW ON CASCADED MULTILEVEL
CONVERTERS
As shown in Fig. 3 the single-phase cascaded
multilevel converter consists of a few numbers of
series connected full bridge levels. The output
voltage of converter equals to sum of the output
voltages of all bridges and is mentioned as
follows: vo t = vo1 + vo2 + vo3 N t
where N is the number of bridges used in
cascaded converter.
In cascaded multilevel converters, each bridge
requires an independent dc source which can be
batteries, super capacitors and renewable energy
sources such as fuel cells , solar cells and etc .
Each switch is able to block unidirectional voltage
and conduct bidirectional current so an anti
parallel diode will connect with each transistor .
.
 A. Generalized Power Circuit
 The generalized three-phase configuration of the
proposed MMLI for n levels across the pole voltage
is demonstrated in Fig. 1(a). The proposed
topology consists of (n-1)/2 basic modular cells, (n-
1) isolated dc-voltage sources, and (6n-6) switching
devices, and no electrolytic capacitors or power
diodes are required. The basic cell is constructed
by combin-ing Two conventional three- phase
voltage source inverters (VSIs) in distinct manner
to build a new cell that able to generate three
voltage levels across the output terminals (T1 and
T2, T3 and T4, T5 and T6) as shown in Fig. 1(b).
FIGURE
 3 level modular inverter cell can be connected
in cascade to create higher levels of modular
inverter. The following formula can be used to
calculate the number of modular cells required
and desired levels;
here M, is the required modular cells. and n is the
number of levels. So, by using this formula: 9
level inverter will need 4 modular cell in cascade.
Each modular cell is represented by the circuit
These modular cells can be connected in cascade
to get higher levels . We connected four of these
modular cells to get 9 level modular inverter