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Seismic Considerations &

Power Bushings

Using IEEE Standards

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 IEEE 693 - 1997

IEEE Recommended Practice for

Seismic Design of Substations

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 IEEE Std 693 - 1997

 Electrical Equipment for Sub Stations

 Based on IEEE 693-1984
 Very major revision
 Basically a new standard
 Three Qualification Levels
 Low, Moderate & High
 User determines Qualification Levels

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 European Standards

IEC Technical Report 1463

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 IEC Technical Report 1463
 Covers seismic qualification of power
bushings
 Based on static coefficient calculations
 Based on cantilever withstand of bushing
 Not widely accepted in North America

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 IEEE 693-1997
 Performance Levels
 Selection of performance Level
 Requirements for bushings
 Test Methods
 Qualification of bushings < 161 kV
 Qualification of bushings  161 kV

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 Performance Levels (ground acceleration)
 Low = 0.1 g, horizontal acceleration peak
 Moderate = 0.5 g, horizontal acceleration peak
 High = 1.0 g, horizontal acceleration peak

 Vertical acceleration = 0.8 x horizontal

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 Selection of Performance Level
 By User of equipment
 Expected ground acceleration by earthquake
hazard method or …
 … by seismic exposure maps and site
conditions
 Select Performance Level to match the
expected ground acceleration

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 General Requirements for Bushings

 Bushings as components of larger equipment

 Annex D of IEEE 693 - Transformers

 Requirements depend on system voltage

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 Testing for Seismic Performance Levels

 Low: 0.1g, horizontal

 Equipment testing not required
 Moderate: 0.5 g, horizontal
 Testing required (when practical with equipment size)
 High: 1.0 g, horizontal
 Testing required (when practical with equipment size)

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 Qualification of Bushings
Less than 161 kV 161 kV and Higher
 Static Pull Test  Shake Table test
 Force = 2 x weight  Time history method
 Applied horizontally  Test by design family
 at top of bushing  Test most seismically
 Duration = 2 seconds vulnerable family
member
Pass = no damage & no leaking

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 Bushing Seismic Considerations
 Bushing is not at ground level
 Bushing acceleration is amplified by
transformer structure
 Bushing acceleration = 2x ground acceleration
 Transformer tank:
 Amplification factor = 2, or
 Super Elevation factor (IEC) = 1.5

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 2.0 g

Transformer Tank
Amplification Factor = 2

1.0 g
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 Shake Table Testing of Bushings
 Method 1
 Test at 1/2 level and
 Calculate to demonstrate a 2x safety factor

 Method 2
 Test at full level

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 Shake Table Testing of Bushings
1/2 Test + Calculation Method
 Only practical method for some large equipment
 Good when structure behaves in linear fashion and
is predictable
 Not good for bushings because of the non-linearity
of the bushing’s mechanical system, ie, gasket +
porcelain + spring clamps

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 Shake Table Testing of Bushings
Using 1/2 Level Test Method
 For large equipment where not practical to
test at full level.
 Must demonstrate by calculation that
equipment can withstand forces 2 times as
great as test values

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 Example of 1/2 Test Method
(Power Transformer)
 Purpose of test: demonstrate that transformer is
qualified for the High Performance Level where
ground acceleration = 1.0 g
 Shake Table set-up at 1/2 value = 0.5 g
 Use calculations to show that the test results at
0.5 g can be extended to 1.0 g

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 Example of 1/2 Test Method
(Transformer Bushings)
 Purpose of test:
 demonstrate qualification at High Performance Level
 ground acceleration = 1.0 g
 Bushing acceleration is 2 times ground
acceleration because of tank effect
 Bushing must withstand 2 x 1.0 g = 2.0 g
 Shake Table set-up at 1/2 value = 1.0 g
 Use calculations to show that the test results at
1.0 g can be extended to 2.0 g

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 Shake Table Testing of Bushings
Using Full Test Method (Full Performance Level Test)
 Purpose of test:
 demonstrate qualification at High Performance Level
 ground acceleration = 1.0 g
 Bushing acceleration is 2 times ground acceleration
because of tank effect
 Bushing must withstand 2 x 1.0 g = 2.0 g
 Shake Table set-up at full value = 2.0 g
 Bushing directly qualified by Test
 Calculations not required
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 Shake Table Testing of Bushings
Using Full Test Method (Full Performance Level Test)

 Moderate Level (0.5 g)

 Bushing tested at 1.0 g

 High Level (1.0 g)

 Bushing tested at 2.0 g

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 Bushing Qualification @
High Level by Direct Testing

2g
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 Bushing Qualification @
Moderate Level by Direct Testing

1g
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 Shake Table
Test Set-up

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 ABB Components USA
 Qualify bushings based on IEEE 693-1997
 Actual shake table test used for higher
voltage bushings
 ABB full line of ANSI/IEEE bushings has
been tested and qualified according to IEEE
693-1997

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 ABB Bushing Qualification Summary
 Qualified @ High - Static Pull Test
 Bushings 25 kV through 138 kV
 Qualified @ High - Shake Table
 Bushings 161 kV through 196 kV
 full test of seismically worse bushing in family
 Qualified @ Moderate - Shake Table
 Bushings 362 kV
 full test of seismically worse bushing in family

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 ABB Bushing Qualification Summary
 500 kV bushing
 not qualified at moderate
 passed 0.45 g at flange
 equivalent to 0.22 g, ground acceleration
 (with tank amplification factor = 2)
 failure mode (@ 0.50 g at flange)
 slight leak at flange during shake test
 re-sealed after test

 no worse after second test

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 ABB
Components USA

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