THE DECCAN AND CENTRAL

INDIA

GROUP MEMBERS:

AZEEN VAZIFDAR
AISHWARIYA CHAUHAN
DEVANSHI GHEEWALA
HETVI KOTHWALA
SHREYA SAXENA
SHAILVI SHAH
VIRTI SHAH
DHRUVI VYAS
 INTRODUCTION

DECCAN
THE ENTIRE SOUTHERN PENINSULA OF INDIA SOUTH OF THE NARMADA RIVER, MARKED CENTRALLY BY A
HIGH TRIANGULAR TABLELAND
• THE PLATEAU IS BOUNDED BY GHATS IN THE EAST AND THE WEST.
• THE NORTHERN EXTREMELY IS THE SAPUTARA RANGE
• UNLIKE OTHER MUSLIM RULERS WHO MADE FULL USE OF INDIGENOUS ART AND ARCHITECTURE IN THEIR
DOMAINS,RULERS IN THE DECCAN LARGELY IGNORE THE LOCAL ART AND PRODUCED AN INDEPENDENT
STYLE OF THEIR OWN .
• INFLUENCES IN THIS STYLE COMES FROM TWO MAIN SOURCES:
a) DELHI STYLE : DUE TO FORCED MIGRATION OF MUHAMMAD TUGHLAG FROM DELHI TO DAULATABAD.
MANY INFLUENCES OF TUGHLAQUIAN DELHI WERE BOUGHT TO SOUTH
b)PERSIAN STYLE : DUE TO MIGRATION OF PERSIANS TO SOUTHERN INDIA VIA SEA.
CENTRAL INDIA
CENTRAL INDIA CONSISTS OF THE STATES OF CHHATTISGARH AND MADHYA PRADESH
 EVOLUTION AND
• ORIGIN
Layer after layer was formedv by the volcanic
activity that lasted many thousands of years,
and when the volcanoes became extinct, they
left a region of highlands with typically vast
stretches of flat areas on top like a table.
• The volcanic hotspot that produced
the Deccan traps is hypothesized to lie under
the present .
• Deccan, the entire southern peninsula of
India south of the Narmada River, marked
centrally by a high triangular tableland.
• The plateau is bounded on the east and
west by the Ghats, escarpments that meet
at the plateau's southern tip.
• The Deccan Plateau is a large plateau
in southern India. It rises to 100 metres
(330 ft) in the north, and to more than 1
kilometre (0.62 mi) in the south, forming a
raised triangle within the downward-
pointing triangle of
the Indian subcontinent's coastline
Features OF DECCAN and central architecture
• Deccan architecture is an amalgamation of Indo Islamic and
Dravidian architecture .
• Central india is composed of the vernacular architecture as well as
famous tsructures like QUTUB MINAR , HUMANYUN’S TOMB ,
KHAJURAO TEMPLE etc.

• They are mainly influenced from two sources :

1.Delhi style : due to the forced migration of muhammed tughlaqian
Delhi style were brought to south.
2. Persian style : Due to the migration of Persians south India via sea .

DECCAN STYLE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3 MAIN

PHASES :
• GULBARGA PHASE ( Bahmani Dynasty ): Laying the foundations of
the style .
• BIDAR PHASE ( Bahmani and Barid Dynasties ) : After moving the
capital of the Deccan sultanate from Gulbarga to Bidar ,the style
developed under the bahmani and later the Barid Dynasties .
• GOLCONDA PHASE ( Qutb Shahi Dynasty ) : The capital of the
 LOCATION OF MANDU, MADHYA PRADESH
The city of Mandu is located in the present day Dhar district situated in the Malwa
region of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
 INTRODUCTION and history

• Perched atop a 20 square km plateau, the ruined city is not only endowed with beautiful natural scenery,
but also occupies a strategically important location in the landscape.
• The hill rises 633.7 m above the sea level and is endowed with a very attractive natural scenery, which is
best during the rainy season.
• This is probably the reason why the city, enclosed within its fort-walls, when in its prime, was called by the
Muslim rulers as Shadibad, ‘The City of Joy’.
• It has been claimed that the Prakrit, or vernacular version of this name is Mandava, a name that is still in
use today. The name was further corrupted to the commonly-used Mandu.
• It is believed that the Lohani Caves and Saiva temples, which form part of the ‘Group of Monuments at
Mandu, Madhya Pradesh’ on the Tentative List of UNESCO’s World Heritage List, were built during the
reign of the Paramaras.
 MONUMENTS AT MANDU
We can group the monuments at Mandu in seven groups:
• 1. Ancient Monuments,
• 2. The Royal Enclave Group of Monuments,
• 3. Mandu Village Group of Monuments,
• 4. Sagar Talao Group of Monuments
• 5. Rewa-Kund Group of Monuments,
• 6. Darya Khan Group of Monuments,
• 7. Miscellaneous Monuments scattered around.
 ANCIENT MONUMENTS

Lohani Cave & temple ruins

• These caves are located on the way from

Mandu village to Royal Enclave. These caves are
ordinary excavations without much of carvings
and without any inscription.
• The entire surroundings of the caves were
found scattered with carved fragments
representing ruins of Hindu temples, mostly
Shiva, which once stood there, but were
presumably destroyed and their materials used
in later Muslim buildings.
 THE ROYAL ENCLAVE

• This is a ticketed monument, single ticket for all

the monuments inside the complex.

Hathi Pol
• This is the main entrance to the royal enclosure.
This is called Hathi Pol, on account of two
elephant images flanking on either sides. These
elephants were broken down by Aurangzeb in
later period.

Jahaz Mahal
• Jahaz Mahal reflects the spirit of Mandu’s romatic
beauty.
• Made for the purpose of an assembly hall.

Kapur Tank
• It has masonry margin all around and in the
middle of its waters was a pavilion, now in ruins,
which was once connected with the west side of
the tank by a causeway which has disappeared.
 THE ROYAL ENCLAVE

Hindola Mahal
• Hindola Mahal literally means a ‘swinging
palace’ a name given to it because of its
peculiarly sloping side walls.
• The plan of the building is “T”-shaped, with a
main hall and a transverse projection at the
north.
• On both sides of the hall, there are six arched
openings above which there are windows
filled with beautiful tracery work for
admitting light and air inside.

Taveli Bhavan
• This building now houses a museum in its
ground floor.
• In older times, this was used as a stable,
hence called Taveli Bhavan.
• The terrace of this building gives a fabulous
view of the monuments in Royal Enclave, thus
it was converted into a rest house once.
 THE ROYAL ENCLAVE
Nahar Jharokha
• This balcony is within a building near to Hindola
Bhavan.
• This building seems to be used to accommodate
the court of Muslim rulers.
• Nahar Jharokha is called such because of an effigy
of a tiger which once supported it.
• This balcony was meant for the king to show
himself up to his subjects.

Dilawar Khan’s Mosque

• This is the earliest Indo-Islamic building at Mandu
as is clear from an inscription datable to AD 1405
referring to reign of first Muslim king of Malwa.
• It was meant for the members of royal family.
• Its plan consists of a central courtyard enclosed by
colonnade.
• The pillars and ceiling inside are in Hindu style.
 THE ROYAL ENCLAVE

Hammam
• Hammam is located a short distance from the well,
Champa Baodi.
• This Hammam, bath house, is made on the lines of
Turkish baths.
• The impressive feature of this bath is its ceiling, in
which beautiful stars are cut through into this to
pass light through.
• The light beams playing on the water of the bath
would certainly have enhanced the pleasure of
bath.

Champa Baodi
• Champa Baodi, inside the Royal Palace building.
• This baodi, well, was used to supply water within
the royal buildings, mainly to the Hammam.
• Because of the sweet flavor of its water, smell like
champak flower, this well is called as Champa
Baodi.
 THE ROYAL ENCLAVE

Jal Mahal
• Northern side of Munj Talao are seen a number of
structural ruins lying in such a confused mass that no
idea can now be formed of their original layout or
plan. Jal Mahal is one of those.
• From the splendor of the ruins, however, it can be
said for certain that these were once the luxurious
monsoon retreats of the Sultan of Malwa.

Gada Shah’s Shop

• Gada Shah, literally, means ‘beggar master’,
obviously a nickname, which, from the history of
Malwa of these times.
• It came through a servant of the sultan Mahmud II
who had virtually become the master of the realm.
• The so-called ‘shop’ probably seems to be a Hall of
Audience for general public.
 THE ROYAL ENCLAVE

Ujali Baodi
• This is called Ujala Baodi as this is an open well.
• Opposite to this is another well which is covered,
hence called Andheri Baodi.
• There are two flights to steps on two sides of the
well which leads to water level.

Andheri Baodi
• This is a closed well hence called Andheri Baodi.
• It is surrounded by a corridor at the top with a dome
in center of its roof, just above the well.
• The dome having an aperture at its apex to admit light
and air inside.
 Mandu Village Group of Monuments:

• This is a ticketed monument, applicable for Jami Masjid

and Hoshang Shah’s tomb.

Jami Masjid
• Construction of this mosque was started by Sultan
Hoshang Shah Ghuri and completed by Mahmud Shah
Khilji in 1454 AD.
• By far, this is the most majestic building at Mandu.
• One is at once struck here by the hugeness of its
proportions and stern simplicity of its construction,
almost devoid of decoration except for the usual borders
of ornamental arches inset with the colored tiles.

Hoshang Shah’s Tomb

• The work on this marble mausoleum was begun by
Hoshang Shah and completed by Mahmud Khalji in
about AD 1440.
• Entered through a domed porch, it lies in the center of a
quadrangle and is roofed by a large dome with smaller
cupolas at the corners.
• The entrance porch, square in plan, with well
proportioned and artistic arched openings on three sides
supporting the marble dome above.
 Sagar Talao Group of Monuments

JALI MAHAL DAI KA MAHAL DAI KI CHHOTI BAHAN KA MAHAL

CARAVAN SARAI MALIK MUGITH’S MOSQUE

 Darya Khan Group of Monuments

HATHI MAHAL

TOMB OF DARYA KHAN

 Rewa Kund Group of Monuments

REWA KUND BAZ BAHADUR’S PALACE

RUPMATI MANDAP
 Scattered Monuments around Mandu

CHISHTI KHAN’S PALACE NIL-KANTH

SONGARH FORT
Jahaz mahal
 Location:
It is located inside the walled Mandu fort.
While coming from Indore, we will find Jahaz
Mahal in north of the Mandu group of
monuments. It is located between Munj Talao
and kapur talao, along with Hindola Mahal,
Gada Shah Mahal. MP Tourism department
hotel "Malwa Retreat”is also close to it.
 History

• Jahaz Mahal is best captures the medieval romance of

Mandu.
• It is built during rule of Mandu Sultan Ghiyas-ud-din Khilji.
• He ruled over Mandu for 31 years and was believed to be
the pleasure seeker who gave emphasis to women and
songs in his ruling life.
Purpose of building:
• He was having a large harem (about 15000 women) for
which he needs a proper building to accommodation of
women. For this purpose Jahaz Mahal was built in second-
half of 15th century.
Architecture of Jahaz Mahal
• Jahaz Mahal has an entrance from east where the
main entrance has a recessed arch and is flanked on
each side by 6 arched openings protected by a
continuous overhanging cornice having support of
stone brackets.
• The ground floor in Jahaz Mahal has 3 large halls.
• All these halls are connected by corridors which ends
with a rooms at either ends. Each of these 3 halls have
attached pavilions at the rear, overlooking Munj Talao.
• These were seems to be used for accommodation and
diversion of the women of the royal harem, hidden
from public view by the curtains on arched openings.
• It is a long and narrow building oriented North-South
to make the most of the breeze.
• The length of this palace is 120 metres. It is a
marvellous piece of Afghan engineering work with
many incredible water structures within its premises
• The ground floor in Jahaz Mahal
has 3 large halls.

• All these halls are connected by

corridors which ends with a rooms
at either ends. Each of these 3 halls
have attached pavilions at the rear,
overlooking Munj Talao.

• These were seems to be used for

accommodation and diversion of
the women of the royal harem,
hidden from public view by the
curtains on arched openings.
• Jahaz mahal is 110 meters in length and 15 meters in width.
It is a double-storeyed structure which is situated on a
narrow strip of land in between Munj Talao and Kapur
Talao.
• Jahaz Mahal in Mandu is a nice example of creative
imagination realized on ground. All the passages, windows
were designed with arches in different designs.
• Similarly various creative design patterns can be observed
in look of water tanks (Baoli), flooring and small openings of
wall. At some places, we can see narrow by artistically
designed water channels through water was passed.
Different color combinations were used in floor tiles that
given an impression of ornamentation.
• Terrace bears paintings of floral motifs
On either side of the structure are two huge tanks -- the Kapur talab and
the Munj Talab. When filled, evaporation from these tanks combined
with the bridge cools down the building. This is a blessing in summer
when temperatures can go as high as 45 degrees centigrade.
"The Kapur lake and the Munj lake irrigate almost 50 bigha
land (8.02 hectares)", says the award-winning government
guide Vishvanath Tiwari.v
The Ujala Baori (lit well) is open to air and was probably used
to get drinking water. Today, it is used to irrigate the gardens
around Jahaz Mahal, Hindola Mahal and Shahi Mahal.
Light and darkness
In addition to these huge tanks, Jahaz Mahal boasts of several
wells within the structure. The Andheri Baori (dark well),
which is inside the palace, was used to cool it down. Today,
1500 people of Mandu use water from this baori.
 The water from the Gola Baori is still used by
the people for drinking. Around 7000 people of
Mandu are dependent on Jahaz Mahal's water
for drinking and other domestic uses.
Swimming under the stars
In addition to these functional aspects, there were some areas of the palace that
were exclusively meant for fun and frolic. There are two beautiful pools on the roof
and the ground floor of the palace with plenty of seating – a perfect place to relax
from the hot sun. Incredibly, both the pools are filled with rainwater.
The total storage capacity of this water tank is
30,000 litres.
The sinuous channel that carries water from the roof to Kamal Kund is
remarkable for its beauty with a purpose. In addition to looking
beautiful, the curlicues also slow down the water allowing for some
suspended solids to settle. Water can also be diverted to underground
cisterns once the tank is full.
Water from Suraj Talab was drawn up to Jahaj
Mahal, presumably to replenish Champa Baori
in the summer months
This channel carried water to Kamal Kund