GROUP 1

Abubakar, Rayan Musa S.

Aradais, Fatima Shar-ina
Delina, Denielle Anne P.
Dujali, Karen G.
Jawari, Khaizer
Morgia, JM D.
Sakaran, Nur
Who am I?
Plato (430-
350BC)
 Man is his soul.
 Soul is the essence of man's humanity
and the source of all the activities
 Plato uses the ff.metaphor: The soul
is the charioteer of the two winged
horses. One is sensible and flies highs
to the heavens to reach the life of
truth and goodness. The others comes
from a bad breed and because of
neglect and sinfulness, had lost his
wings and fallen earth to assume
human form
 Human body is unfortunate accident
and a cruel imprisonment of the
free and pure soul.

In death, the true man is freed from

his imprisonment.
Aristotle (304-
322BC)
 Man is the whole of body and
soul
 The relationship of the
boduly to the soul is the
relation of matter to form
 There is no matter that is
not informed by form, and no
form that is the form of
matter
René René Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician, and

Descarte
scientist.

Born : 31 March 1596, Descartes, France

Died : 11 February 1650, Stockholm, Sweden

s  He was the father of modern philosophy and analytic

geometry

 He contended that all extended beings (meaning, bodily

beings) including man’s body are subject to change and
hence, uncertain.

 To get rid of illusion in order to secure that which is certain

as the foundation of any inquiry, he introduced a methodic
doubt in which he subject every extended being into doubt
and claimed that whatever is that which will pass the test
shall be held as certain and real.
 He realized that even if almost everything can be doubted, there is one thing that
he cannot doubt – the fact that he is doubting.
 And he doubting, then he is thinking
 Thinking, then, is something that is indubitable, and it is through which we can
know ourselves and the fact of our existence. Cogito, ergo sum. I think, therefore
I am.
 He could not imagine himself without thinking while he could imagine himself
without the body.
 Man, therefore, is independent of the body.
 Man is a res cogitans, a thinking being and not a bodily being.
 Body is not a man. Man is his soul, the soul which thinks, affirms, denies, and
wills.

Nevertheless, Descartes has been inconsistent with his contention. In the latter
part of his writings, he also affirmed that there is substantial unity of body and soul
in man.
However, he claimed that the inquiry into the nature of the soul is rather
complicated and is beyond the reach of reason
 PHILOSOPHY OF
MAN
reflection
about
2
1

GABRIEL MARCEL
PREPARED BY JOSHUA MORGIA & KHAIZER JAWARI
secondary

reflection
primary

about
GABRIEL MARCEL
(1889-1973)
FRENCH PHILOSOPHER, PLAYWRIGHT, MUSIC
CRITIC AND CHRISTIAN EXISTENTIALIST
 1 2

reflection
about
PRIMARY SECONDARY
2
1

REFLECTION REFLECTION
 reflection
about
1
2

PRIMARY REFLECTION
A BODY IS A PURE ANALYTICAL
OBJECT THAT CAN BE LINKED WITH
OR PARALLEL TO ANOTHER THING
OR REALITY WHICH IS THE SOUL
 reflection
about
END

2
SECONDARY REFLECTION
AN EMBODIED SUBJECT WITH FUNDAMENTAL
ACT OF FEELING WHICH CANNOT AMOUNT TO
MERE OBJECTIVE POSSESSION NOR TO AN
INSTRUMENTAL RELATION, NOR TO SOMETHING
WHICH COULD BE TREATED PURELY AND SIMPLY
AS IDENTITY OF THE SUBJECT WITH THE OBJECT.
 The Life of
Embodied Spirit
 Objectives

▧ The body as intermediary

▧ The body in intersubjectivity
▧ The value of the body

23
 embody
▧ To embody means to put something abstract such as spirit into a
body to give this “something abstract” a concrete form
▧ This implies that a human person is made up of a physical state
(body) and an abstract state (spirit)

24
 ▧ Embodiment enables us to do and
experience all the things that makes us
human person.

Science: Love is a result of Philosophy: Human person do not

various biological reactions love just with the heart nor the
associated with an increase in brain. We love another person with
hormones, which may have our entire being. Embodiment is
certain effects on the body. the one thing that enables us to
feel love and love others.

25
Embodied Spirit View

This view maintains that

the human person is formed
by the unity of body and spirit.
It also believes that the
body and spirit cannot exist
independently from one
another.

26
Embodied Spirit View

Philosophers claim that

the body and soul are not only
united, but they are integrated
with each other.

*unify – united into a whole

*integrated – composed &
coordinated to form a whole

27
 2 connotations
“I have my body”
To say “I have my body” is
to imply that I possess or own
it just as I own things.
28
“I am my body”
“I am my body” simply
states that I cannot separate
myself from my body. I am
an embodied spirit. “I”, being
subject, makes my body an
expression of my subjectivity
also.
 If I say I am my body, this does not imply that I
am the body that is objectified by other, the body seen,
touched felt by others. This interpretation of my body
only implies that my being as a human person is
reduced into my body, instead to exalting my as a
manifestation of my being as a human person.

Example: Kapag ginawang katuwaan ang aking panlabas na

anyo, ang dignidad ko bilang tao ay tinapakan na rin.

29
 “
“…even if we cannot detach
ourselves from our bodies, we are
still more than it – we are also our
intellect, free will and emotions”

30
 The body as
intermediary

The Life of
Embodied
Spirit
The value of The body in
the body intersubjectivity

31
 intermediary
a person who acts as a link between people in order
to try to bring about an agreement or reconciliation; a
mediator.

32
 The body as intermediary

▧ I experience myself as being-in-the-world through my body. My

body acts as the intermediary between the self or subject and
the world.

33
 Intermediary connotes 2 meanings:
as a bridge
Because of my body, an
encounter and agreement
occur between myself and the
world. Through my body, my
subjectivity is opened to the
world and the world is opened
to me.
34
as a wall
Because of my body, I
experience the world as
separate from me. I am
hidden from the world and
world is hidden from me.
 intersubjectivity
▧ Term coined by the philosopher Edmund Husserl
▧ Simply stated as the interchange of thoughts and feelings, both
conscious and unconscious, between two persons or “subjects,”
as facilitated by empathy

35
 The body as intersubjectivity

▧ My body is not only an intermediary between me and the world

but also between me and others. I show myself to the other
and the other also shows himself to me through my body.
▧ Yet, it’s also my body that I hide myself from them, and they
hide their selves from me

36
37
 The value of the body

▧ As the appearance and expression of my subjectivity, my body

has a unique value and dignity. It directs me not only to the
world and to others but also to God.

38
 Thanks!
Any questions?

40