By

Dr. Hajaratul Najwa Mohamed

 What is invention?

 What is innovation?
 An invention is something that a person
create but doesn’t exist before.
 People who create inventions are called
inventors.
 Inventors can live anywhere in the world and
can be any age!
 Inventions are made to solve problems.
Wheel Telephone

Light
bulb
Noodle Cooler
 Innovation – Improvement or significant
contribution to the existing products, process
or service.
Light bulb
Wheel

Mobile phone
 Invention has started since Stone Age,
thousands years ago.
 25,000-50,000 BCE– Humans first wear
clothes.
 10,000 BCE – Earliest boats are constructed.
 6000-7000 BCE – Hand-made bricks first used
for construction in the Middle East.
 3500 BCE – Humans invent the wheel.
 1000 BCE – Iron Age begin: iron is widely used
for making tools and weapons.
 150 CE – Ts’ai Lun makes the first paper in
China.
The 7 Greatest Inventors
 Thomas Edison – light bulb
 Orville & Wilbur Wright (Wright Brothers) – invented and
flew the world’s first successful airplane in 1903.
 Galileo Galilei – telescope and compass
 Benjamin Franklin – American polymath who discover
electricity
 James Watt – Scottish inventor of the steam engine for
train
 Alexender Graham Bell – Scottish inventor of telephone
 Steve Jobs – American entrepreneur and developer. Jobs
helped revolutionise computer devices with the ipod,
ipad, Macbook and iPhone.
CORE CONCEPT OF
TECHNOLOGY
 The application of knowledge, tools and skills
to solve practical problems and extend
human capabilities.
 Systems
 Requirements
 Optimization/ Trade off
 Processes
 Controls
 A system is a group of interrelated
components designed collectively to achieve
a common goal.
 A system requires all components to function
properly in order for the system to function.
 The human body and our electrical grid are
examples of a system.
 If one part fails, all other parts are impacted
and may result in the failure of entire system.
 Requirements are the “parameter” placed on
the development of a product or system.
 These are “must do” components of a design.
 Criteria identify the desired features of a
product or system.
 Constraints involve the limitations of a
design.
 We often say that we are working within
certain parameter.
 Optimization involves making the product as
functional as it can be, given the criteria and
constraints.

 A trade-off involves a choice of one quality of

another.

 An example would be making a product out

of plastic (which would be cheaper) over
using more expensive aluminum or other
materials.
 A process is a sequence of actions used to
combine resources in order to produce an
output.

 An example would be measuring ingredients,

combining and baking the mixture to make a
cake.
 Controls are the mechanisms or activities that
use information to cause systems to change.

 Controls may be manual (like the gas pedal in

an automobile) or automatic (like the
thermostat used to control temperature of
your home)