EARTHQUAKE VIGILANCE

SYSTEM

project by : project i/c

Aniket Gupta Mrs. Kiran Dewangan
Deepak Patel Lecturer Et& T
Joy Thomas
Aim of the project
Our aim of the project basically is to minimize the pronounced
destruction caused by the major natural calamity i.e. Earthquake.
The principal component of the project is the microcontroller,
which senses the signal when the earthquake strikes the area &
performs vulnerable tasks.

Thus the project rather don’t prevent the

disaster but positively the project is designed to monitor the huge
sabotage to both men & property. It alarms the nearby help
centres , firesmen & rings a high frequency alarm that will intimate
the people residing in the particular area.
FEATURES

1. It can count the number of shocks & display it

on LCD.

2. It rises a high frequency alarm to intimate the

nearby help centre, police station, firemen as well
as the people living in the locality.

3. Put on the emergency lights.

EARTHQUAKE

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the result of a

sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.
The seismicity or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and
size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. Earthquakes are
measured with a seismometer; a device which also records is known as a
seismograph

SIZE & FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE

There are around 500,000 earthquakes each year. About 100,000 of these can
actually be felt. Minor earthquakes occur nearly constantly around the world
in places like California and Alaska in the U.S., as well as
in Guatemala. Chile, Peru, Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan,
the Azores in Portugal, Turkey, New Zealand, Greece, Italy, and Japan, but
earthquakes can occur almost anywhere, including New York City, London,
and Australia. Larger earthquakes occur less frequently, the relationship
being exponential
SEISMIC WAVES
Seismic waves are waves of energy that travel through the earth, for
example as a result of an earthquake, explosion, or some other
process that imparts low-frequency acoustic energy. Many other
natural and anthropogenic sources create low amplitude waves
commonly referred to as ambient vibrations. Seismic waves are
studied by seismologists and geophysicists. Seismic wavefields are
measured by a seismograph, geophone, hydrophone (in water),
or accelerometer .
TYPES OF SIESMIC WAVES
There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different
ways. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Body
waves can travel through the earth's inner layers, but surface waves can only move
along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. Earthquakes radiate seismic
energy as both body and surface waves.
BODY WAVES
Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth. They follow
raypaths refracted by the varying density and modulus (stiffness) of
the Earth's interior. The density and modulus, in turn, vary according
to temperature, composition, and phase. This effect is similar to
the refraction of light waves.

P-WAVES
The first kind of body wave is the P wave or primary wave. This is
the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to
'arrive' at a seismic station. The P wave can move through solid rock
and fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. It pushes and
pulls the rock it moves through just like sound waves push and pull
the air.
S-WAVES
The second type of body wave is the S wave or secondary wave, which is the
second wave you feel in an earthquake. An S wave is slower than a P wave and can
only move through solid rock, not through any liquid medium. It is this property of
S waves that led seismologists to conclude that the Earth's outer core is a liquid. S
waves move rock particles up and down, or side-to-side--perpendicular to the

.
direction that the wave is traveling in the direction of wave propagation
SURFACE WAVES
Travelling only through the crust, surface waves are of a lower
frequency than body waves, and are easily distinguished on a
seismogram as a result. Though they arrive after body waves, it is
surface waves that are almost entirely responsible for the damage
and destruction associated with earthquakes. This damage and the
strength of the surface waves are reduced in deeper earthquakes.

Principle behind the project

When an earthquake occurs, it releases energy in the form of
seismic waves that radiate from the earthquake source in all directions. The waves
differ in their velocities and the type of tremor that they generate. 

The fastest wave, and therefore the first to arrive at a given location, is
called the P wave. The P wave alternately compresses and expands material in the
direction that it travels.
Earthquake advance warning is possible by
detecting the non-destructive primary waves that
travel more quickly through the Earth's crust
than do the destructive secondary and Rayleigh
waves. The amount of advance warning depends on
the delay between the arrival of the P-wave and
other destructive waves.

EARTHQUAKE VIGILANCE SYSTEM  is thus designed to

detect the first to arrive wave (P wave) to let
us know the destructive wave (S wave) is on the
way. 
 HARDWARE USED

AT 89C52
LCD (20*4 SUM 2004-3)
LM 324 COMPARATOR
ULN 2803 ISOLATOR
HARD DRIVE MOTOR 7200 rpm
TRANSFORMER
TOGGLE SWITCH 3no.s
TRANSMITTER (9volts)
RECIEVER (6 volts)
BUZZER (12 volts)
LED
VARIABLE POT (10k)
BATTERY (9volts)
SWITCH
LCD BASE
FUSE
RESISTORS(8.2k,10k)
CAPACITORS(10uf, 33pf)

 
circuit diagram
ADVANTAGES
Following are the advantages of such a project

1.Principle of such a project is based on the

first arriving wave .i.e P wave; thus will alert
the residents before the major destructive wave
strike the locality.

2.The project is cheap for implementation.

3.Moreover the project is portable & can be

easily implemented on large scale.

4.Can be used as a domestic or commercial

appliance
thanks