Presentation

• Presented By: Muhammad Moosa

• Presented To: DR.Areeb Ahmad
• Topic: Nickel Metal
• Reg no. FA17-BEEE-0002
Muhammad Ali Jinnah University Karachi
 Introduction to Nickel

• Nickel is a strong, lustrous, silvery-white metal that is a staple of our daily lives and can be found in
everything from the batteries that power our television remotes to the stainless steel that is used to
make our kitchen sinks.
• Nickel is the fifth most common element on the Earth, after iron, oxygen, silicon and magnesium.

• Nickel was first isolated and classified as a

chemical element in 1751 by Axel Fredrik
Cronstedt from Sweden
• Belongs to the transition metals.
•Hard and ductile
•Crystal structure _ F C C
•Atomic number _ 28
•Atomic weight _ 58.6934
•Density (g/ cm3) _ 8.89
•Melting point (°c) _ 1455
•Boiling point(°c) _ 2913
Applications

• Ni and its alloys are used in making coins.

• Nickel is used in rechargeable batteries such as Ni-Cd & in magnets.
• Its alloys are also used for arm our plate and burglar proof vaults.
• Chemical plant, heat exchanger, reaction furnace, rotary kiln,
turbine blades.
• Used as alloying elements in stainless steels etc.
• Ni and its alloys are frequently used as catalysts for hydrogenation
reactions (Raney nickel)
• Ni is used as a binder in the cemented tungsten carbide or hard
metal industry.
Sources of Nickel

• First discovery of nickel mineral by the German was mistakenly

misunderstood to be rich-copper mineral.
There are three major types of Nickel deposits (sources):
1) Nickel-copper sulphide
2) Nickel silicates
3) Nickel laterites and serpentines
 Sources of nickel exposure
• Common items that may expose you to nickel include:
• Jewelry for body piercings
• Other jewelry, including rings, bracelets, necklaces and jewelry clasps
• Watchbands
• Clothing fasteners, such as zippers, snaps and bra hooks
• Belt buckles
• Eyeglass frames
• Coins
• Metal tools
• Cellphones
• Keys
• Military "dog-tag" ID
• Chalk
• Medical devices
• Laptops or computer tablets
• E-cigarettes
Extraction Process
 Usage of nickel
• Nickel-containing products play an important role in our daily
lives. Compared with other materials, nickel-containing
products possess better corrosion resistance, greater
toughness, more strength at high and low temperatures, and a
range of special magnetic and electronic properties. Therefore,
most nickel production is used for alloying elements, coatings,
batteries, and some other uses, such as kitchen wares, mobile
phones, medical equipment, transport, buildings, power
generation and jewellery.
• The use of nickel is dominated by the production of ferronickel
for stainless steel (66%). However, it is also used in the
production of non-ferrous alloys (12%), alloy steels (5%), plating
(7%), foundry (3%) and batteries (2%).
 Side Effects & Safety

• When taken by mouth: Nickel is LIKELY SAFE for most adults in amounts up to 1 mg
daily. Taking more than 1 mg daily is POSSIBLY UNSAFE. Taking amounts slightly
above the 1 mg level increases the chances of unwanted side effects. Higher doses
are poisonous.

Some people might have an allergic reaction to nickel. Workers who have been
exposed to nickel on the job over an extended period of time can develop allergies,
lung disorders, and cancer. Special Precautions & Warnings:
• Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Nickel is LIKELY SAFE in pregnant or breast-feeding
adult women when taken by mouth in doses less than the tolerable upper intake
level (UL) of 1 mg/day. The safety of higher doses is unknown. Stay on the safe side
and stick with doses less than 1 mg/day.
•
Children: Nickel is LIKELY SAFE in children in daily doses less than the
tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 0.2 mg/day in children 1 to 3 years, 0.3
mg/day in children 4 to 8 years, and 0.6 mg/day in children 9 to 13 years.
Taking higher doses is POSSIBLY UNSAFE.
Kidney disease: People with kidney disease may not be able to tolerate
nickel as well as other people. It's best to avoid nickel supplements if you
have kidney problems.
Nickel allergy: People who are sensitive to nickel, including those with a
history of skin rash after contact with nickel-containing jewelry, coins,
stainless steel items, surgical implants, or dental appliances, can develop
allergic reactions to nickel taken by mouth. These people should not take
nickel supplements.